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This research investigated 312 children, grades five and six in three elementary schools in order to study the children's gender role identity as according to their parents' childrearing behavior and their self-esteem. The measurement for the children's gender role identity was used the scale developed by Kim(2003) and revised by Ahn(2004). In order to measure parental childrearing behavior as perceived by children, the scale developed by Park(1995) was used, which Kim(2003) revised. The self-esteem questionnaire was used the measurement created by Rosenberg(1965) and adapted by Eo(1998). For data analysis, a chi-square test was carried out and the results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, regardless of gender, when children perceive that their parents display a lot of warm-acceptance parental childrearing behavior, they acquire androgynous identity. Second, regardless of gender, children with high self-esteem acquire androgynous identity, while children with low self-esteem acquire undifferentiated identity.


This research investigated 312 children, grades five and six in three elementary schools in order to study the children's gender role identity as according to their parents' childrearing behavior and their self-esteem. The measurement for the children's gender role identity was used the scale developed by Kim(2003) and revised by Ahn(2004). In order to measure parental childrearing behavior as perceived by children, the scale developed by Park(1995) was used, which Kim(2003) revised. The self-esteem questionnaire was used the measurement created by Rosenberg(1965) and adapted by Eo(1998). For data analysis, a chi-square test was carried out and the results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, regardless of gender, when children perceive that their parents display a lot of warm-acceptance parental childrearing behavior, they acquire androgynous identity. Second, regardless of gender, children with high self-esteem acquire androgynous identity, while children with low self-esteem acquire undifferentiated identity.