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In this study, we used meta-analytic procedures to investigate the associations between the level of fathers’ involvement with their children and the children’s internal (e.g., depression, self-esteem) and external (e.g., problem behaviors, school adjustment) characteristics. Our meta-analyses examined journal articles and dissertations published in Korea and the U.S. between 2006 and 2010. The results revealed significant, medium effect sizes both in the associations between father involvement and children’s internal (Zr = .22, 95% CI: .19 ~ .25, k = 12) and external (Zr = .23, 95% CI: .21 ~ .24, k = 18) characteristics. The relationships between the level of father involvement and children’s external characteristics were stronger among the samples consisting of only girls compared the samples consisting of only boys. We also found that the relationships between the level of father involvement and children’s internal and external characteristics were stronger among the Korean samples than among U.S. samples.