이 논문은 ‘과학기술 시티즌십’ 개념에 근거하여 시민참여형 환경정책 모형을정립하고 이에 따라 스웨덴과 덴마크의 사례를 분석한 것이다. 참여 민주주의의연장으로 과학기술 시티즌십을 정착시켜온 스웨덴과 덴마크 사례는 우리나라 환경정책에도 시사점을 제공한다. 스웨덴과 덴마크 사례에서 주요 정책 참여자인 정책기구, 과학기술전문단체, 이해관계자와 일반시민 모두 과학기술 사안에 적극 관여하며 상호작용을 행하고 있다. 공공참여 방식은 전문가들의 다양한 이견까지 공개함으로써 정보제공과 이해확보를 꾀할 뿐만 아니라 참여자 간의 의사소통과 인식공유, 자문, 실행 참여에 이르기까지 중첩적으로 나타났다. 시민참여의 제도화 전략으로는 입법전략, 행정전략, 주민 간의 자발적 네트워크가 활용되었다. 과학기술 시티즌십은 정책과정 전반에 걸쳐 적용되고 있는데 특히 정책결정단계에서 가장 활발히 적용되고 있었다. 우리나라 환경정책에 과학기술 시티즌십을 정착시키기 위해서는, 4대강살리기사업 사례에서 나타난 것과 같이, 정책의 공개성과 투명성, 시민참여 시행을 위한정부의 의지가 중요하며 전문가단체의 개방된 인식과 태도가 필요하다. 과학기술시티즌십은 우리나라 과학기술계의 전문가적 독립성을 유지하는 데도 중요하며,정책을 둘러싼 정치적 논쟁을 합리적이고 과학적인 논의로 전환하여 정책 신뢰도를 높이는 데도 기여할 것이다.

This article purports to propose a participatory model of environmental policy interwoven with the concept of ‘scientific technological citizenship’,which means that citizens have a right of and a responsibility for getting involved in scientific and technological issues of public policy. Four cases of environmental programs in Sweden and Denmark, where public engagement in scientific expertise is evaluated to be most actively implemented among the EU members, are analyzed with the fundamental elements of the suggested model. The results of the case analyses indicate: (1) The three main players, that is, public agencies, scientific experts and the interested parties & citizens, are all exposed to expertise and engaged in the scientific issues. (2) The methods of citizen participation are various from opening and supplying scientific information to consulting citizens or having them involved in the issues. (3)The strategies to institutionalize citizen participation in scientific issues are diverse,such as, administrative programs, legislative strategies or voluntary networking. (4) Scientific technological citizenship is saliently employed in a decision-making stage, while it can also be used in other steps of public policy. The Swedish and Danish cases give important lessons to Korean policies. Above all, opening expertise including different professional perspectives, increasing citizens’ understanding of scientific issues and making people involved in those issues will help scientists to preserve their professional independence and citizens to have trust in public policy.

This article purports to propose a participatory model of environmental policy interwoven with the concept of ‘scientific technological citizenship’,which means that citizens have a right of and a responsibility for getting involved in scientific and technological issues of public policy. Four cases of environmental programs in Sweden and Denmark, where public engagement in scientific expertise is evaluated to be most actively implemented among the EU members, are analyzed with the fundamental elements of the suggested model. The results of the case analyses indicate: (1) The three main players, that is, public agencies, scientific experts and the interested parties & citizens, are all exposed to expertise and engaged in the scientific issues. (2) The methods of citizen participation are various from opening and supplying scientific information to consulting citizens or having them involved in the issues. (3)The strategies to institutionalize citizen participation in scientific issues are diverse,such as, administrative programs, legislative strategies or voluntary networking. (4) Scientific technological citizenship is saliently employed in a decision-making stage, while it can also be used in other steps of public policy. The Swedish and Danish cases give important lessons to Korean policies. Above all, opening expertise including different professional perspectives, increasing citizens’ understanding of scientific issues and making people involved in those issues will help scientists to preserve their professional independence and citizens to have trust in public policy.

scientific technological citizenship, environmental policy, participation, Sweden, Denmark, Four Major Rivers Restoration