이 글은 1609년 울산호적대장에 적힌 고유어 인명을 대상으로 한자를 빌려 이름을 적는 과정에서의 차자표기 방식과 원리에 대하여 기술한 것이다. 한국의 姓에도 고유어에서 연유한 것이 간혹 있으나 이 글에서는 다루지 않았다. 人名은 그 구성 언어에 따라 고유어 인명·한자어 인명·혼종어 인명으로 나뉘는데, 이 중 한자어 인명에 대한 표기는 대상으로 삼지 않았다. 조선 왕조의 호적대장은 모두 한자로 적히며, 그 안의 人名 역시 마찬가지이다. 고유어 인명을 표기한 漢字는 音으로 읽는 것과 訓으로 새겨 읽는 것으로 나뉜다. 이를 달리 말하자면, 韓國漢字音으로 읽는 音借字와 한국어로 새겨 읽는 釋借字(訓借字)를 구별하여 읽어야 한다. 고유어 인명을 표기하는 과정에서는 음절의 二分法 즉, 초성과 중성을 합한 한 덩어리와 終聲을 한 덩어리로 나누어 인식하는 원리가 적용되기도 한다. 이 원리에 따라 한 음절을 두 字로써 표기하던 것이 점차 두 자를 상하로 합하여 한 字로 만들어 표기하고 있다. 이러한 合造字들은 韓國漢字에 귀속된다. 1609년 울산호적대장에서는 고유어 인명 표기에서 한 음절을 두 자로 나누어 적은 것이 압도적으로 많으며, 음절의 二分 방식으로부터 발전해 온 본격적인 모습의 合造字는 그리 많지 않다는 점이 커다란 특징으로 부각된다. 또한, 合造字의 아래 요소를 한글 字母로 적은 것은 전혀 나타나지 않는다.

This paper aims to describe the principle of Korean writing system with Chinese characters for transcribing Korean given names in the census register of Ulsan in 1609. Among the Korean surnames there are some ones which originate from Korean words, but Korean surnames are excluded in this paper. Korean given names are classified into 3 groups in view of their language elements; Korean native ones, Sino-Korean ones, and the hybride ones. And Sino-Korean given names are also excluded in this paper. All the census registers in the period of Joseon dynasty were written with Chinese characters. So, the same went for Korean given names. Chinese letters for transcribing the Korean native given names are read either by the sound according to Korean pronunciation or by the Korean native word corresponding to Chinese letter concerned. As it were, Chinese letter for transcribing the Korean native given names is either a phonograph or a logograph, and it ought to be read either by its sound or by its meaning. In the process of representing the Korean syllables it worked as one of the most important principles that each closed syllable possessing last consonant coda were recognized as the two elements; one was composed of onset and nucleus, and the other was the last coda. By this principle two Chinese letters had been used to represent one Korean closed syllable, and the two letters were gradually combined into one letter. Of course, these newly coined letters belong to pseudo-Chinese characters made in Korea. In the census register of Ulsan in 1609 there are a great number of usages of two Chinese letters written in order to represent Korean closed syllables. On the contrary, few of newly coined letters are found. It should be also noted that none of the pseudo-Chinese letters which possess the Korean alphabet as a lower part are found in this register.

This paper aims to describe the principle of Korean writing system with Chinese characters for transcribing Korean given names in the census register of Ulsan in 1609. Among the Korean surnames there are some ones which originate from Korean words, but Korean surnames are excluded in this paper. Korean given names are classified into 3 groups in view of their language elements; Korean native ones, Sino-Korean ones, and the hybride ones. And Sino-Korean given names are also excluded in this paper. All the census registers in the period of Joseon dynasty were written with Chinese characters. So, the same went for Korean given names. Chinese letters for transcribing the Korean native given names are read either by the sound according to Korean pronunciation or by the Korean native word corresponding to Chinese letter concerned. As it were, Chinese letter for transcribing the Korean native given names is either a phonograph or a logograph, and it ought to be read either by its sound or by its meaning. In the process of representing the Korean syllables it worked as one of the most important principles that each closed syllable possessing last consonant coda were recognized as the two elements; one was composed of onset and nucleus, and the other was the last coda. By this principle two Chinese letters had been used to represent one Korean closed syllable, and the two letters were gradually combined into one letter. Of course, these newly coined letters belong to pseudo-Chinese characters made in Korea. In the census register of Ulsan in 1609 there are a great number of usages of two Chinese letters written in order to represent Korean closed syllables. On the contrary, few of newly coined letters are found. It should be also noted that none of the pseudo-Chinese letters which possess the Korean alphabet as a lower part are found in this register.

the census register of Ulsan in 1609, Korean given names, principle of Korean writing system with Chinese characters, binary system of segmenting a syllable, pseudo-Chinese characters made in Korea