‘다원성에 대한 철학적 정당화’를 포스트모던 철학을 이해하는 한 가지 방식으로 상정하면, 이 철학의 선구는 니체와 리오타르다. 니체는 창조적 다원주의를 통해서, 리오타르는 분쟁의 다원주의를 통해서 철학적 다원성 옹호모델을 제시한다. 그리고 ‘디오니소스적 해석주체’ 개념과 ‘철학적 증인’ 개념을 통해서 니체와 리오타르는 각각 포스트모던적 계몽의 내용과 계몽된 인간 유형을 제시한다. 이런 의미에서 니체와 리오타르는 다원성 시대의 요구에 적극적으로 대응한 포스트모던적 계몽가이기도 하다. 하지만 이 두 철학자가 제시하는 계몽의 내용은 차이가 있다. 리오타르의 그것이 ‘합의 없는 배리’를 인정하게 하고, ‘불의’의 최소화 전략을 수행하게 하는 소극적 차원의 것이라면, 니체의 그것은 ‘관계적 합의’를 수행하게 하는 적극적인 성격을 띤다. 그래서 니체가 제시하는 계몽의 전략은 리오타르의 그것보다 더 생산적일 수 있다.

The ‘philosophical justification of pluralism’ is a way of understanding the postmodern philosophy, in which sense its forerunners are Nietzsche and Lyotard. Nietzsche and Lyotard provide models for philosophical pluralism through ‘creative pluralism’ and ‘pluralism of conflict,’ respectively. Nietzsche shows the contents of postmodern enlightenment by using the notion of ‘Dionysian interpreting subject’ and Lyotard illustrates a type of enlightened man by the concept of ‘philosophical witness.’ In this respect, Nietzsche and Lyotard are postmodern enlighteners who actively respond to the demand of the age of pluralism. However, there are differences between the contents of enlightenments of these two philosophers. While Lyotard’s concept of enligtmenment is passive in the sense that it allows ‘conflicts without agreement’ and choosing the strategy minimizing ‘injustice,’ Nietzsche’s is active since it asks for ‘relational agreement.’ Therefore, the enlightening strategy suggested by Nietzsche can be more productive than Lyotard’s.

The ‘philosophical justification of pluralism’ is a way of understanding the postmodern philosophy, in which sense its forerunners are Nietzsche and Lyotard. Nietzsche and Lyotard provide models for philosophical pluralism through ‘creative pluralism’ and ‘pluralism of conflict,’ respectively. Nietzsche shows the contents of postmodern enlightenment by using the notion of ‘Dionysian interpreting subject’ and Lyotard illustrates a type of enlightened man by the concept of ‘philosophical witness.’ In this respect, Nietzsche and Lyotard are postmodern enlighteners who actively respond to the demand of the age of pluralism. However, there are differences between the contents of enlightenments of these two philosophers. While Lyotard’s concept of enligtmenment is passive in the sense that it allows ‘conflicts without agreement’ and choosing the strategy minimizing ‘injustice,’ Nietzsche’s is active since it asks for ‘relational agreement.’ Therefore, the enlightening strategy suggested by Nietzsche can be more productive than Lyotard’s.

Lyotard, Nietzsche, Pluralism, Postmodern, Postmodern Enlightenment