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英語 外來語의 意味 轉移 樣相을 意味 範圍 擴大와 縮小, 價値上의 上昇과 下落으로 나눠 고찰하였다. 意味 縮小는 借用語에서 가장 많이 발견되는 意味 轉移 類型으로, ‘골, 메일’처럼 原語의 多義的 용법이 制限되어 나타나는 類型과 ‘치킨, 바이어’처럼 하나의 의미 범위가 特殊化되는 類型이 있다. 意味 擴大에는 隱喩나 換喩와 같은 比喩的 用法에 의해 확대되는 예들이 주로 해당되며 歷史的 意味 變化에서처럼 일반적이지는 않다. 價値上의 의미 전이에서는 외래어가 威勢的 動機에 의해 차용된다는 인식과 달리 意味 下落의 예들이 다수 발견된다. ‘팁, 호스티스’와 같이 특정 업종과 관련하여 의미가 하락한 類型과 ‘커넥션, 리베이트’와 같이 否定的 文脈에 한정하여 사용되면서 그 價値가 하락한 類型이 있다. 意味 上昇에는 ‘레스토랑, 티슈’처럼 對應 漢字語와 指示 對象 자체가 달라 의미가 分化된 경우와 ‘트렌드, 셰프’처럼 含蓄的 意味가 상승된 예가 있다.
This paper aims to reveal aspects of semantic shift in loanwords in terms of the semantic broadening, narrowing, elevation and degeneration. The semantic narrowing is the most popular type of semantic shift in borrowing words. This type is divided into two subtypes. The one is that polysemy in source language is restricted to one meaning in Korean loanword such as ‘gol (goal), meil (mail)’. The other is that the range of one meaning is specialized such as ‘chikin (chicken), baieo (buyer)’. Semantic broadening in loanword isn’t so common as in the historical semantic change and has the examples generated by the figure of speech such as metaphor and metonymy. As to the semantic shift of the evaluation, many examples of the semantic degeneration are found contrary to our expectations that loanwords are borrowed through the prestige motive. One type of semantic degeneration is related to the socially humble occupation where the examples are ‘tip (tip), hostes (hostess)’ etc. The other type of semantic degeneration is produced by its restrictive use in negative contexts. Semantic elevation also has two cases. Words such as ‘restorang (restaurant), tishu (tissue)’ have different reference from the corresponding Sino-Korean ‘食堂, 休紙’ and words such as ‘trend (trend), shep (chef)’ have a elevated meaning in their connotation.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
loanword, semantic shift, semantic broadening, semantic narrowing, semantic elevation, semantic degeneration, metaphor, metonymy
