고대문화는 이 세계의 중심을 우주목이라고 표현한다. 우주목은 생명의 나무, 세계수, 중심축, 지혜의 나무가 된다. 나무가 보여주는 무한히 반복되는 죽음과 재생의 생명력 때문에 나무는 신성한 힘을 갖고있다고 생각되었다. 성서에서 나무가 등장하듯이 나무는 인간의 운명과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 각 민족에 따라서 고유한 상징성이 부과되었다. 루마니아 사람들에게 있어서 나무는 모든 통과의례에 현존한다. 아이가 출생하면 나무를 심거나 또는 아이는 성스런 나무의 보호에 맡겨진다. 출생의 나무는 아이의 운명을 예견하고 아이의 성장에 관여한다. 나무는 아이가 미래에 본받아야할 모습이 된다. 혼례 나무는 상징적인 혼례에서의 전 남편의 모습과 본래 혼례에서의 신부와 신랑의 상징적인 모습으로 나타난다. 루마니아 혼례의 상징은 신부의 전나무이다. 신랑의 상징적인 대체물로 혼례식까지 운반된다. 또한 전나무는 혼례의 입회 증거인도 된다. 신성한 나무는 장엄한 맹세의 보증이며 상징적인 결혼 또는 판단의 증인이 된다. 미혼의 청년이 사망한 장례의례에서는 묘지에 각가지 물건들로 장식된 나무가 결혼을 상징하기 위해 심어진다. 그리고 망자가 무덤으로 갈 때 혼례를 알리는 신부 안내자를 전나무와 함께 먼저 보내는 혼례 풍습을 실행한다. 이것은 사람은 결혼하지 않고는 조상들의 세계로 들어갈 수 없다는 루마니아의 민속신앙을 반영한다. 그리고 장례나무의 또 하나의 역할은 여러 가지 음식이나 물건들로 장식되어 장례 때 사용되는 장례제물의 나무이다.

The ancient culture expresses the axis of our world as the cosmic tree. The cosmic tree also means the tree of life, the world tree, the axis and the tree of knowledge. People believe that the tree has sacred power because of the eternal vitality of death and revival which the tree shows. As the tree appeared in the Bible, the tree was closely connected with the human's fate and, accordingly, the tree became a proper symbol according with every nation. For Romanians, the tree appears in every step of the rite of passage.  When a child is born, people plant a tree and then the child is committed to the protection of that tree. The Birth Tree foresees child's fate and has a hand in child's growth. This tree becomes an indication which the child conforms for the future.  The Marriage Tree is expressed as a figure of former husband in the symbolic marriage or as a symbolic figure of the bride and bridegroom in the original marriage. The symbol of Romanian marriage is bride's fir and this tree is carried to the wedding being substituted for the bridegroom. Besides, the fir becomes the attester of wedding. This sacred tree is the assurance of oath and the witness of symbolical marriage or judgment.  In the funeral rites of unmarried young man, the tree decorated with all sort of things is planted in the graveyard for meaning of a marriage. When people entomb the deceased, they carry out the practices of wedding in which they send first a conductor of bride in company of the fir. This reflects the Romanian folk faith through which the unmarried deceased can not get in the ancestral world. And one of the roles of The Funeral Tree becomes personally a tree of sacrificial offering in the funeral rites being decorated with various kinds of foods or article

The ancient culture expresses the axis of our world as the cosmic tree. The cosmic tree also means the tree of life, the world tree, the axis and the tree of knowledge. People believe that the tree has sacred power because of the eternal vitality of death and revival which the tree shows. As the tree appeared in the Bible, the tree was closely connected with the human's fate and, accordingly, the tree became a proper symbol according with every nation. For Romanians, the tree appears in every step of the rite of passage.  When a child is born, people plant a tree and then the child is committed to the protection of that tree. The Birth Tree foresees child's fate and has a hand in child's growth. This tree becomes an indication which the child conforms for the future.  The Marriage Tree is expressed as a figure of former husband in the symbolic marriage or as a symbolic figure of the bride and bridegroom in the original marriage. The symbol of Romanian marriage is bride's fir and this tree is carried to the wedding being substituted for the bridegroom. Besides, the fir becomes the attester of wedding. This sacred tree is the assurance of oath and the witness of symbolical marriage or judgment.  In the funeral rites of unmarried young man, the tree decorated with all sort of things is planted in the graveyard for meaning of a marriage. When people entomb the deceased, they carry out the practices of wedding in which they send first a conductor of bride in company of the fir. This reflects the Romanian folk faith through which the unmarried deceased can not get in the ancestral world. And one of the roles of The Funeral Tree becomes personally a tree of sacrificial offering in the funeral rites being decorated with various kinds of foods or article

cosmic tree, tree of fate, tree of life, fir, rites of passage攀김성기, 한국외국어대학교 루마니아어과, 루마니아 문학, 민속학, 경기도 용인시 처인구 모현면 왕산리 e-mail : skkim@hufs.ac.kr, 011-329-3967攀攀