속담은 민중 기원을 토대로 도덕과 윤리성의 제고를 우선적으로 추구한다. 풍유, 상징, 비유, 비교 등의 기교를 빌려 형상화된 속담은 도덕과 윤리가 정신적 측면에서의 핵심을 이루며, 때때로 직접적 판단과 평가를 내리기도 한다. 따라서 속담은 통상 휴머니즘으로 지칭되는 인간의 윤리와 도덕을 불문으로 제정하고, 반영하는 윤리적, 도덕적 평가가 되기도 한다. 개별 모국어가 상이 하듯이 속담 역시 각각의 언어가 갖고 있는 의미와 문체, 문법적 구조가 다르며, 한 민족의 특성이 형성되는 지정학적 공간의 근원적 자연성을 갖는다. 루마니아의 속담은 내용, 형태와 논리구조 그리고 예술적 구현이라는 세 가지 측면의 규범을 바탕으로 하고 있으며, 속담의 발생과 의미 그리고 적용 문제에 있어 ‘유전적 문맥’, ‘포괄적 문맥’, ‘특정 문맥’의 세 가지 맥락과 연계된다. 문학의 한 종으로서 속담은 특유의 내용과 기능 그리고 그 실현 양식을 통하여 한정되고 구연된다. 일반적으로 속담은 하나의 절이나 문장을 초과하지 않는 간결한 문체, 다양한 적용이 가능한 특정 문맥 그리고 의미의 교차, 대조, 보완, 상호심화를 이루는 철학적 표현체계의 총체로 구성되어있다. 속담은 처음 단순한 경험과 표현 그리고 주제로 시작되어 점차 공동체를 통한 보편성과 일반화의 과정을 거치고, 이후 적용에 있어 비생명체와 생명체 그리고 더 나아가 사회적, 윤리적 분야로 진화한다. 다양한 속담들 중 자연의 관찰, 특히 동물들의 습속에 대한 관찰로 얻어진 삶의 지혜를 사람에게 적용한 것이 동물속담이다. 비유와 비교, 상징에 바탕을 둔 동물속담은 명령조의 속담에 비해 일반 대중의 인식과 적용에 있어 커다란 효율성을 제고할 수 있으며, 사회나 개인의 일상에 직접적으로 선과 악, 긍정과 부정의 철학을 형성해준다. 채록된 동물속담 중 상당 부분이 가축과 가금 그리고 늑대로 대표되어지는 들짐승에 관련된 것은 루마니아인의 삶이 목축과 농업에 기반을 두고 있다는 것을 반영해주고 있다. 속담, 특히 동물속담은 일반적으로 열등 유형의 판단을 통해 우등 유형의 가치를 제고하는 방법과 귀납적인 추론을 선호한다. 우등에서 열등으로의 전환은 속담에게 공동체가 보편적으로 동의하는 의미, 즉 보편적 합의와 전통성을 허용하는 것이다. 속담에서 긍정적인 현상보다 부정적인 현상이 더 많이 취급되는 것은 저변화된 일반 대중으로 하여금 긍정보다 부정으로부터 더 많이 그리고 더 쉽게 지혜를 배울 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 메커니즘을 통하여 주제는 객관화되며, 사건은 당위성을 가지고, 현상은 논거의 핵심을, 그리고 개인적 경향은 보편적, 일반적 성향에 이르게 된다. 이러한 전이의 양상은 거의 모든 속담에 동일하게 적용된다.

The proverb based on the folk origin pursues the morality and ethics first of all. The proverb formed by the use of allegory, symbol, metaphor, comparison etc., has these as an essence of the mental aspect and sometimes realizes directly the judgment and the evaluation. Therefore, the proverb establishes generally the human's morality and ethics as unwritten law and becomes the moral and ethic evaluation by oneself. As a foreign language, the semantics, stylistics and grammatical structure of each proverb are also different and the proverb reflects the natural characteristics of the geographical nations. The Romanian proverb is based on the criterion of three aspects such are the contents, the formal and logical structure and the article realization. The problems of genesis, signification and functionality in the proverb are connected with the genetic context, the generic context and the particular context. As one of the literary kinds, the proverb narrates orally through the particular contents, functions and its modality of realization. The proverb consists commonly of the laconical style which no exceeds a sentence, the particular contexts which are of general application and the synthesis of philosophic- expressive system which fulfills the semantic crossing, contrast, supplementation, mutuality. The proverbs begun from the simple experiences, expressions and themes, develop through the generalization and the universality of communities and evolve into the relation between the life and the inanimate objects and finally into the social-moral field. One among the various proverbs, to which applies the wisdom of life to humans through the observation of nature, especially of animals, is the proverb of animals. The proverb of animals based on the allegory, metaphor, symbol etc., is more efficient for the understanding of the public than the imperative proverb, telling good from bad. The meaning that a considerable number of recorded proverbs of animals is related to domestic animals, poultry and some wild animals like the wolf, reflects the Romanian life based on the farming and agriculture. The proverb, especially the proverb of animals prefers the inductive logic and reasoning and the method that learns good from bad and superiority from inferiority. This conversion from inferiority to superiority is permitted by the community and the value of the proverb reaches a level of the universal agreement and tradition. The proverb treats the negative phenomenon more than the affirmative phenomenon, because the expanded public can learn the wisdom of life more easily and much through the negation than the affirmation. Through this mechanism of proverb, the subject becomes objective, the happening has the appropriateness, the phenomenon will be an essence and the personal tendency will reach to universal and general tendency.

The proverb based on the folk origin pursues the morality and ethics first of all. The proverb formed by the use of allegory, symbol, metaphor, comparison etc., has these as an essence of the mental aspect and sometimes realizes directly the judgment and the evaluation. Therefore, the proverb establishes generally the human's morality and ethics as unwritten law and becomes the moral and ethic evaluation by oneself. As a foreign language, the semantics, stylistics and grammatical structure of each proverb are also different and the proverb reflects the natural characteristics of the geographical nations. The Romanian proverb is based on the criterion of three aspects such are the contents, the formal and logical structure and the article realization. The problems of genesis, signification and functionality in the proverb are connected with the genetic context, the generic context and the particular context. As one of the literary kinds, the proverb narrates orally through the particular contents, functions and its modality of realization. The proverb consists commonly of the laconical style which no exceeds a sentence, the particular contexts which are of general application and the synthesis of philosophic- expressive system which fulfills the semantic crossing, contrast, supplementation, mutuality. The proverbs begun from the simple experiences, expressions and themes, develop through the generalization and the universality of communities and evolve into the relation between the life and the inanimate objects and finally into the social-moral field. One among the various proverbs, to which applies the wisdom of life to humans through the observation of nature, especially of animals, is the proverb of animals. The proverb of animals based on the allegory, metaphor, symbol etc., is more efficient for the understanding of the public than the imperative proverb, telling good from bad. The meaning that a considerable number of recorded proverbs of animals is related to domestic animals, poultry and some wild animals like the wolf, reflects the Romanian life based on the farming and agriculture. The proverb, especially the proverb of animals prefers the inductive logic and reasoning and the method that learns good from bad and superiority from inferiority. This conversion from inferiority to superiority is permitted by the community and the value of the proverb reaches a level of the universal agreement and tradition. The proverb treats the negative phenomenon more than the affirmative phenomenon, because the expanded public can learn the wisdom of life more easily and much through the negation than the affirmation. Through this mechanism of proverb, the subject becomes objective, the happening has the appropriateness, the phenomenon will be an essence and the personal tendency will reach to universal and general tendency.

Proverb, Proverb of Animal, Animal, Typology of Proverb, Structure of Proverb