본 논문은 일본불교의 근세ㆍ근대에 있어 단가제도(檀家制度)의 형성과 정착과정에 대한 연구이다. 단가제도는 현재 장식불교(葬式佛敎)라고 불릴 정도로 장의와 제례 등에 편중해 경제유지를 담보하고 있는 현재일본 사원의 현실는 궤를 갖이 한다. 여기에서는 이러한 전통을 형성하게 된 과정을 막부(幕府)의 정책을 통해 살펴보고 단가제도를 실시하게 된 막부의 의도와 민중의 의식의 전환에 어떠한 요소가 개제되었는가 하는 점을 밝히고 있다. 또한 명치유신전의 단가제의 폐해에 대한 불교내외의 대응과, 폐불훼석기(廢佛毁釋期)와 이후의 불교의 대응에 대해서도 논의하였다. 에도라고 하는 근세와 명치유신을 전환기로 하는 근대에 대한 불교의 대응은 다양하였다. 그러나 불교 내적인 자발적인 개혁에는 한계가 있었으며 따라서 강압적으로 형성된 단가제도는 불교의 경제적인 이해관계에 의해 오늘날까지도 존속되는 한편, 근대의 군국주의화에 불교가 왜 수동적일 수밖에 없었던가에 대한 구조적인 한계를 갖는 주요한 요인이 된다 하겠다.

This dissertation is the research about a formation and fixation process of Tanka System in modern age of Japanese Buddhism. This system currently as funeral Buddhism which it will soak is being related a lot in funeral and the rite for the dead person. Consequently there is relation with actuality of the current Japanese temple which maintains economically. This research about formation process of this tradition is to try to know through the policy of Tokugawa Bakuhu(1603-1867). Also This shows what kind of element to the intention of Bakuhu and the conversion of thought of the populace is there for executing this system. It discussed about confrontation in outside and inside of the Buddhism against the harmfulness of Tanka system before Meiji Reform(1868) and confrontation of the Buddhism at the age of and after the destruction of Buddhism. The confrontation of the Buddhism was various in the age of Edo and Meiji Reform as revolution duration in modern time. But The Buddhism to voluntary reform was a limit. This Tanka system which is formed consequently with oppression is continued by the economic gain and loss relationship of Buddhism, and also it is remaining today. It becomes the important element which has a structure limit about why Buddhism was not so positive in militarism of modern time.

This dissertation is the research about a formation and fixation process of Tanka System in modern age of Japanese Buddhism. This system currently as funeral Buddhism which it will soak is being related a lot in funeral and the rite for the dead person. Consequently there is relation with actuality of the current Japanese temple which maintains economically. This research about formation process of this tradition is to try to know through the policy of Tokugawa Bakuhu(1603-1867). Also This shows what kind of element to the intention of Bakuhu and the conversion of thought of the populace is there for executing this system. It discussed about confrontation in outside and inside of the Buddhism against the harmfulness of Tanka system before Meiji Reform(1868) and confrontation of the Buddhism at the age of and after the destruction of Buddhism. The confrontation of the Buddhism was various in the age of Edo and Meiji Reform as revolution duration in modern time. But The Buddhism to voluntary reform was a limit. This Tanka system which is formed consequently with oppression is continued by the economic gain and loss relationship of Buddhism, and also it is remaining today. It becomes the important element which has a structure limit about why Buddhism was not so positive in militarism of modern time.

Tanka system, Terauke system, Jiinhatto, Syumonjin Aratametyou, Buddhism for funeral.