본 연구는 한국전쟁으로 부산에 모여드는 피난민들이 삶의 공간을 만들어 가는 방식을 탐구한 것이다. 부산에 정착한 이주민들은 국가의 보호를 받지 못했으며, 스스로 주거지를 결정하지 않을 수 없었다. 국가가 마련한 수용소는 소수만이 사용할 수 있었다. 대부분은 노천에서 판자집을 짓거나 빌려서 생활해야 했다. 많은 피난민들은 생계활동을 위해 국제시장과 부두 인근에 주거지를 정했다. 하지만 이런 장소마저 안전하지 못했다. 화재 위험과 시가지계획 등으로 도심지의 판자집은 강제철거 당하지 않을 수 없었다. 국가는 쫓겨나는 피난민들을 도심지에서 먼 장소로 강제 이주시켰다. 피난민들이 저항을 하지 않았던 것은 아니지만 국가권력의 권위에 도전하기란 너무 미약하였다. 피난민들이 강제 이주 당하는 장소는 괴정동, 청학동, 양정동 등 도심에서 먼 곳이었다. 그렇지 않으면 생활환경이 열악한 곳으로 이주하였다. 특히 아미동과 같이 화장장과 공동묘지가 있는 곳이거나, 영주동처럼 급경사 혹은 위생시설이 불량한 장소였다. 피난민들이 생계 문제를 해결하기 위한 어쩔 수 없는 선택이었다. 그렇지만 피난민들은 스스로 만든 마을을 그들의 삶터로 만들어 갔다.

This study is to investigate how the refugees were making their own living space, as gathering to Busan during the Korean War. As settling down in Busan, the refugees were not able to get any shelters or cares from their government and they had to decide where to stay. Only selected few could dwell in an asylum which the government provided. Most of them had to stay on open roads, or build or rent the barracks to survive. Many refugees selected areas of Internation Market and vicinity of harbor to earn livelihood. However, these places were not safe. Due to the fire hazard and urban district plans, shacks in downtown were subjected to a forced demolition. The government forced the refugees to migrate again far away from the downtown. Even though they struggled, they were too weak to resist against the government’s authority. The places where the refugees were translocated were the districts like Goejeong-dong, Cheonghak-dong and Yangjeong-dong, far from the downtown, otherwise places with poor living condition. Expecially, it was Ami-dong in which there were public cemetery and a cremating place and Youngju-dong in which there were steep slopes and had poor sanitation. They had no choice but to be there because they had to make their living. However, they started to make their own community with the places they settled.

This study is to investigate how the refugees were making their own living space, as gathering to Busan during the Korean War. As settling down in Busan, the refugees were not able to get any shelters or cares from their government and they had to decide where to stay. Only selected few could dwell in an asylum which the government provided. Most of them had to stay on open roads, or build or rent the barracks to survive. Many refugees selected areas of Internation Market and vicinity of harbor to earn livelihood. However, these places were not safe. Due to the fire hazard and urban district plans, shacks in downtown were subjected to a forced demolition. The government forced the refugees to migrate again far away from the downtown. Even though they struggled, they were too weak to resist against the government’s authority. The places where the refugees were translocated were the districts like Goejeong-dong, Cheonghak-dong and Yangjeong-dong, far from the downtown, otherwise places with poor living condition. Expecially, it was Ami-dong in which there were public cemetery and a cremating place and Youngju-dong in which there were steep slopes and had poor sanitation. They had no choice but to be there because they had to make their living. However, they started to make their own community with the places they settled.

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Korean War, Refugee, Barrack, Exile, Migration