본고에서는 서울 팔경시를 폐쇄형과 개방형으로 나누어 통시적으로 고찰하였다. 지역 중심의 폐쇄형은 지역의 중요성을 강조하기에 좋긴 하나 지역을 대표할 수 있어야 하는 한계가 있어 거처 중심의 개방형 팔경시에 비해 많이 지어지지 않았다. 폐쇄형 팔경시는 조선 전기에 <신도팔경>과 <한양십영> 정도가 창작되었으며, 조선 후기에는 정내교의 <한양팔경>처럼 구체적 장소 선정보다 이념적 내용 제시에 머물거나, 정조의 <국도팔영>처럼 개방형 팔경시와 유사해졌다. 조선 전기 정도전, 서거정 등이 서울의 대표성을 드러내어 ‘이념’과 ‘성대’를 구가했다면, 조선 후기 위항인이나 사대부 그리고 왕은 그럴 필요성을 느끼지 못하고 ‘흥취’에 치중하였다. 개방형 팔경시는 안평대군 같은 왕족의 호사취미로 시작되지만, 성시산림의 실현은 사대부들의 오랜 꿈이었기에 16세기 사대부들은 벼슬을 마친 후 또는 현직에서도 산림 속에 거처를 마련하거나 城市 속의 거처에서 산림을 조망하는 팔경시를 통해 성시산림의 세계를 추구하게 된다. 이는 賢良科라는 제도의 마련과 함께 終南捷徑을 꿈꾸는 사대부들에 의해 더욱 확대되어 팔경시 창작이 봇물을 이룬다. 이런 상황에서 서울 팔경의 대상은 북쪽으로 도봉산, 동쪽으로 아차산, 남쪽으로 관악산, 서쪽으로 안산에 이르기까지 폭을 넓혀 서울에 팔경 아닌 곳이 없게 된다. 17세기는 김창흡을 중심으로 한 청풍계 모임이 활성화되는 한편, 벼슬과 관계없는 위항인들이 시사활동을 통해 ‘흥취’의 세계를 구축하게 된다. 18세기는 이런 시사활동이 더욱 활성화되었으며, 영조, 정조 등 왕족의 팔경 창작활동도 활발하게 이루어지면서 ‘성대’에서의 ‘흥취’를 추구하게 된다. 팔경시 창작이 폐쇄형 중심이 아닌 개방형 중심으로 이루어지고 공간의 확대와 계층의 확대에 따라 서울에는 명승 아닌 곳이 없게 되었으며, 이는 전국적인 현상으로 확대되기도 하였다.

This thesis examines "Seoul Palgyung-si" (poetry about the eight famous spots in Seoul) by dividing it into closed and opened types. The closed type of Palgyung-si, which focused on the region, was good for emphasizing the importance of the region. However, because of its limitation which it had to represent the region, it was composed less than opened Palgyung-siwhich focused on dwelling. Closed Palgyung-si like <Sin-do-pal-kyung 新都八景> and <Han-yang-sip-yong 漢陽十詠> was created in the early stage of Chosun and became much closer to opened Palgyung-si like <Guk-do-pal-yong 國都八詠> by King Jeong Jo than <Han-yang-pal-kyung 漢陽八景> which suggested a concrete selection of location. While Jeong Do Jeon and Seo Geo Jeong glorified a "idea" and a "glorious reign" by displaying the representative of Seoul in the early Chosun, Lyeohangin 閭巷人, the gentry and the king only stressed "interest" in the late Chosun. Opened Palgyung-si started with a luxurious taste of a royal family like An-Pyung Prince, but the gentry tried to pursue their dream of living in forests through Palgyung-si which took a view of a dwelling place in forests. With the establishment of a hyeollyanggwa 賢良科 and the gentry who dreamed of Chongnamcheopgyeong 終南捷徑, the creation of Palgyung-si was getting popular. With this popularity, the targets of eight famous spots were extended to Do Bong Mountain in the north of Seoul, A-Cha Mountain in the east, Gwan-Ak Mountain in the south and An Mountain in the west. In the seventeenth century, with the focus of Kim Chang Hup, a gathering of Chunfunggae淸風契 was vitalized, and the persons with no government position did the poetry party and constructed the realm of ‘interest.’ In the eighteenth century, those poetry party became more vitalized. Also, as the poetry party of a royal family like King Yong-Jo and Jeong-Jo were very active, they pursued the ‘interest’ of the glorious reign. Since the creation of Palgyung-si became "opened" rather than "closed,"the space and class were extended and every spot of Seoul became a place of scenic beauty. This popularity became national wide.

This thesis examines "Seoul Palgyung-si" (poetry about the eight famous spots in Seoul) by dividing it into closed and opened types. The closed type of Palgyung-si, which focused on the region, was good for emphasizing the importance of the region. However, because of its limitation which it had to represent the region, it was composed less than opened Palgyung-siwhich focused on dwelling. Closed Palgyung-si like <Sin-do-pal-kyung 新都八景> and <Han-yang-sip-yong 漢陽十詠> was created in the early stage of Chosun and became much closer to opened Palgyung-si like <Guk-do-pal-yong 國都八詠> by King Jeong Jo than <Han-yang-pal-kyung 漢陽八景> which suggested a concrete selection of location. While Jeong Do Jeon and Seo Geo Jeong glorified a "idea" and a "glorious reign" by displaying the representative of Seoul in the early Chosun, Lyeohangin 閭巷人, the gentry and the king only stressed "interest" in the late Chosun. Opened Palgyung-si started with a luxurious taste of a royal family like An-Pyung Prince, but the gentry tried to pursue their dream of living in forests through Palgyung-si which took a view of a dwelling place in forests. With the establishment of a hyeollyanggwa 賢良科 and the gentry who dreamed of Chongnamcheopgyeong 終南捷徑, the creation of Palgyung-si was getting popular. With this popularity, the targets of eight famous spots were extended to Do Bong Mountain in the north of Seoul, A-Cha Mountain in the east, Gwan-Ak Mountain in the south and An Mountain in the west. In the seventeenth century, with the focus of Kim Chang Hup, a gathering of Chunfunggae淸風契 was vitalized, and the persons with no government position did the poetry party and constructed the realm of ‘interest.’ In the eighteenth century, those poetry party became more vitalized. Also, as the poetry party of a royal family like King Yong-Jo and Jeong-Jo were very active, they pursued the ‘interest’ of the glorious reign. Since the creation of Palgyung-si became "opened" rather than "closed,"the space and class were extended and every spot of Seoul became a place of scenic beauty. This popularity became national wide.

, , , , , , ,

Seoul, Palgyung-si, Lyeohangin, king, Han river, Nam mountain, Open type, Closed type