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Recent patterns suggest that states are using economic sanctionsmore frequently. However, sanctions fail to achieve intended politicalor economic goals most of the time. To account for this anomaly,I introduce a culture-based explanation. The rationale is thatsanction effectiveness cannot be solely judged by norms and standardsof sender countries. Target countries’ cultural norms play animportant role in explaining sanction effectiveness. Using cases ofUS economic sanctions against China, I show that the norms and beliefsof target countries play an important role in defining sanctioneffectiveness. The implication of the study is that senders of economicsanctions must take cultural responses and sensitivity of targetsinto serious consideration in order to deploy credible andsuccessful economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool.
