마르크스에 의하면 이윤율은 자본의 축적운동을 규정하는 핵심 지표이고, 이윤율의 동향에 대한 자본들의 대응 속에서 축적운동의 주된 계기 또한 주어진다. 그가 제시한 이윤율 공식을 실증적 연구에 적용하기 위해 수정해 보면 이윤율은 이윤 몫과 자본생산성에 의존하며, 또 자본생산성은 산출의 가격, 고정자본의 가격, 실질 자본생산성 그리고 이윤 몫은 실질 노동생산성과 실질 임금에 따라 좌우된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이윤율 공식에 상응하는 이윤율 증가율의 공식을 한국 면방직공업(1951~ 1976년)의 사례에 적용해 보면 거기에서 자본축적의 주된 계기는 자본 및 노동의 실질 생산성 지표로 표출되는 노동 통제만이 아니라 오히려 이것 이상으로 면사, 포의 국내가격을 통제하고 관리한 자본의 역량에서 주어지고 있었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 이것은 자본축적의 계기는 이윤율 공식으로 이윤율의 추이를 고찰할 때 비로소 구명될 수 있다고 보는 이윤율의 경제학이 방법론적으로 적확할 뿐만 아니라 또 유용하다는 것을 입증한다.

According to Marx, the rate of profit is a decisive factor which determines the accumulation of capital, and the major motives in the accumulation is structured in the responses of capitals to the movements of the rate of profit. The revised equation of the rate of profit, which aims at calculating the actual rates of profit, particularly in an industry, expresses that the rate of profit depends on the share of profit and the productivity of capital, in which the latter and the former, respectively, depends on the price of output, the price of fixed capital and the real productivity of capital, and on real wage and the real productivity of labour. The calculation of the growth rate of the profit rate in the Korean cotton textile industry(1951~1976) and the indexation of the profit rate shows that the major motives of accumulation in the industry were structured not only by the oppression of labourers, expressed in terms of the real productivity of labour and capital and the upward movements of profit share, but also by the proper management of the price of cotton textiles. And the result vindicates that the economics of the profit rate is not only methodologically correct, but also useful in understanding the motives of capital accumulation in an industry.

According to Marx, the rate of profit is a decisive factor which determines the accumulation of capital, and the major motives in the accumulation is structured in the responses of capitals to the movements of the rate of profit. The revised equation of the rate of profit, which aims at calculating the actual rates of profit, particularly in an industry, expresses that the rate of profit depends on the share of profit and the productivity of capital, in which the latter and the former, respectively, depends on the price of output, the price of fixed capital and the real productivity of capital, and on real wage and the real productivity of labour. The calculation of the growth rate of the profit rate in the Korean cotton textile industry(1951~1976) and the indexation of the profit rate shows that the major motives of accumulation in the industry were structured not only by the oppression of labourers, expressed in terms of the real productivity of labour and capital and the upward movements of profit share, but also by the proper management of the price of cotton textiles. And the result vindicates that the economics of the profit rate is not only methodologically correct, but also useful in understanding the motives of capital accumulation in an industry.

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The Marx's Equation of the Profit Rate, The Economics of the Profit Rate, The Real Productivity of Capital and Labour, The Motives of Capital Accumulation in an Industry, The Korean Cotton Textile Industry(1951~1976)