초록 열기/닫기 버튼
儒家사상의 원조인 孔子와 孟子의 사상은 중국문화사에서 종교적 사고에 대한 철학적 사고의 초기의 발단을 대표한다. 중국문화사에서 종교적 사고는 감성적, 天 중심적 문화이며, 철학적 사고는 이성적, 인간 중심적 문화이다. 孔孟사상은 전자의 사고에 대해 후자의 사고를 발휘, 고양시킨 의의를 갖는다. 孔孟사상은 비록 철학적 사고의 대표였지만, 이후 전개된 정치상황의 영향으로 왜곡, 변질의 과정을 겪게 된다. 원래 儒家사상은 脫종교, 反종교를 기치로 하였지만, 漢王朝의 儒學은 도리어 종교적 사고로 회귀하였다. 왕조의 정치적 권위를 강화하기 위해 통치이념에 종교적 권위를 불어넣은 것이다. 王充은 이러한 종교적 성격의 儒學을 반대하고 비판하였다. 그리고 동시에 이러한 유학의 신비화 과정에 동원된 孔子, 孟子의 신격화도 반대하고 비판하였다. 게다가 王充은 단순히 孔子, 孟子의 신격화에만 반대한 것이 아니라, 孔子, 孟子 사상 자체와 孔子, 孟子 인물 자체도 검증하였다. 王充은 이러한 방법과 태도로 孔子, 孟子를 검증한 결과, 그들의 언행과 인격에 적지 않게 문제가 있음을 발견하였다면서 그러한 점들을 지적하고 비판하였다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 孔子와 孟子는 비록 종교적 사고를 극복하고 철학적 사고를 제창한 중국철학의 개창자이면서 유가철학의 원조이지만, 그들은 오히려 漢王朝의 종교적 통치이념수립에 이용되었을 뿐만 아니라 그들 사상자체도 철저히 철학적, 합리적 학문태도를 가진 王充에 의해서 다시금 학문적으로 검증되는 역설적 상황을 불러일으킨 것이다.
The thoughts of Confucius and Mencius, as the progenitor of Confucianism, represent the beginning of philosophical thought against religious thought in the history of Chinese culture. In the history of Chinese culture, religious thought is emotional, Heaven-centric culture, on the other hand philosophical thought is rational, human-centric culture. The thoughts of Confucius and Mencius have significance for exhibition and enhancement of the latter against the former. Although the thoughts had been the representative of philosophical thought, they had gone through the process of distortion and transmutation out of the influence of the following political situation. Confucianism was originally the thought of assuming a definite attitude of de-religion and anti-religion, but Confucianism of Han dynasty had rather returned to religious thought. It means, in essence, that religious authority is inspired with in ruling ideology in order to intensify political authority of the dynasty. Wangchong had opposed and criticized the Confucianism having religious character like this. And at the same time he had also opposed and criticized the deification of Confucius and Mencius mobilized in the process of mystification of Confucianism. Besides, he not only had opposed just the deification of Confucius and Mencius, but also had verified the thoughts themselves of Confucius and Mencius and the personalities themselves of Confucius and Mencius. He had verified Confucius and Mencius using the method and attitude like this, as a result he had thought he had discovered the substantial problems in their sayings and doings and their personalities, and he had pointed out and criticized the problems. From this point of view, although Confucius and Mencius had been the progenitor of Chinese philosophy, particularly Confucianism, who had overcome religious thought and had advocated philosophical thought, they had rather been exploited in the establishment of religious ruling ideology of Han dynasty, furthermore it resulted in a paradoxical situation that even their thoughts themselves had been scientifically verified again by Wangchong who had a thoroughly philosophical and rational attitude of studying.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Confucius, Mencius, Wangchong, Philosophy, Religion