이 논문에서는 일제 침략기 중국 대륙을 무대로 활동한 한인 독립운동가들이 중국 정부가 운영하는 각급 군관학교 교육을 통해 독립운동의 중견간부로 성장한 사실을 종합적으로 살펴보았다. 한인 독립운동 진영이 중국 군관학교를 주목하기 시작한 것은 1910년대 초반이었지만, 1920년대 초반에 이르러서야 한인의 중국 군벌정권 군사학교 입교가 본격화되었다. 그 결과 손문(孫文)의 광동정부(廣東政府)와 당계요(唐繼堯)의 운남군벌(雲南軍閥)은 한인 독립운동에 대한 지원 입장을 표명하였고, 운남강무학교(雲南講武學校)에는 상당수의 한인이 입교하였다. 이와 함께 낙양군벌(洛陽軍閥) 오패부(吳佩孚)의 낙양강무학교(洛陽講武學校)에도 다수의 한인이 입교하였다. 1924년 제1차 국공합작의 성립과 국민혁명의 전개라는 중국의 정치 상황을 배경으로, 재중 한인 독립운동의 진로에 주요한 역할을 한 것은 황포군관학교(黃埔軍官學校)의 설립이었다. 한인 혁명가들은 보다 효율적인 독립운동 노선과 방략을 모색하기 위해 황포군관학교 입교를 선택하였다. 황포군관학교 입교에는 의열단(義烈團)뿐 아니라 임정중심 세력 및 만주 지역의 한인 독립운동 진영에서도 적극 참여하였다. 중국 군벌정권 군사학교와 황포군관학교를 매개로 한 기반 조성 작업은 일제의 동북침략을 계기로 중국 육군군관학교 내에 ‘한인특별반’의 설치·운영이라는 형태로 발전하였다. 1931년 9월 18일 시작된 ‘9·18사변’과 이듬해 초의 이봉창·윤봉길 의거는 중국민의 한인 독립운동에 대한 인식을 전환시킴과 동시에, 중국국민당 정부의 지원을 강화시켰다. 중국 정부는 한인들의 항일투쟁 역량을 중국의 항일전쟁 역량으로 활용하고자 하였다. 그 결과 중국 정부의 재정적·군사적 지원하에 시행된 김원봉의 조선혁명군사정치간부학교와 김구의 중국중앙육군군관학교 낙양분교 한인특별반의 운영이 그것이었다. 그리고 이에 뒤이어 1937년 중일전쟁(中日戰爭) 이후에는 중국육군군관학교 성자분교(星子分校)와 강릉분교(江陵分校)에서도 한인 독립운동가들을 양성하여 이들은 조선의용대(朝鮮義勇隊) 대원으로 성장하였고, 1940년대에는 한국광복군(韓國光復軍) 대원으로 발전하였다. 이렇듯, 중·한 양 민족은 일제 침략이라는 공동의 위기를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 공동항일의 중·한 연대를 실현하였던 것이다. 국제정치의 중심이 동북아시아로 옮아오고 있는 지금, 일제침략기 ‘공동항일’을 기치로 내걸었던 중·한 국제연대의 현장이었던 중국군관학교가 갖는 의미 또한 새롭게 다가오고 있다고 할 것이다.

This paper aimed to examine that Korean independence activists in China during the period of Japanese imperialism grew up the middle-management executives through the education of various levels of military academy managed by Chinese government. It was the beginning of 1910s that the party of Korean independent movement paid attention to Chinese military academy, but not until the early 1920s that Koreans became to matriculate into military academy in earnest. As a result, the Guangdong National Government of Sun Wen and the Yunnan warloards leaded by Tang Ji Yao voiced the support for Korean independent movement, the most of Koreans participated in that movement. Along with this, many Koreans was matriculated into the Luoyang Military Academy leaded by Wu Pei Fu, the one of the Luoyang warloards. In the political situation of the conclusion of the 1st United Front KMT-CCP and the evolvement of national revolution in China, the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy was the key to the course of Korean independent movement in China. The members of Uiyoldan, the central parties of the Provisional Government and the camps of Korean independent movement in Manchuria actively entered in to the Huangpu Military Academy. The work of laying the foundation through military academy of the Chinese warloards and Hungpu Military Academy developed to the establishment and operation of ‘Korean special class’ in Chinese Military Army Leader Academy with the invasion of Japan to North-East as a momentum. The ‘Manchuria Incident’ started in 18 September 1931 and early next year the patriotic deed of Martyrs Lee Bong Chang and Yun Bong Gil translated the recognition of the Chinese to Korean independent movement, while strengthen the support of the Chinese Koumintang government. The Chinese government sought to use the competence for the armed-anti-Japan of Koreans as the competence for anti-Japanese war of China. As a result, Kim Won Bong’s Chosun Revolutionary Military and Political Leader Academy and the Loyang brunch school, Koreran special class of Kim Goo’s Chinese Central Army Leader Academy under the financial and military support of the Chinese government was operated. After the Sino-Japanese Was, 1937 the Sungja brunch school and Gangneung brunch school of Chinese Army Leader School trained the Korean independent activists, who became to participate in Chosun Volunteer Army and Korean Independence Army in 1940s. Thus, both of nations, Korean and Chinese realized the anti-Japanese cohesion of Korean-Chinese solidarity in order to overcome common crisis of Japanese imperialism. Today, when the center of international politics move to North-East Asia, the meaning of Chinese Military Leader School, which proclaimed the common anti-Japan and was the stage of international solidarity give a new lesson to us.

This paper aimed to examine that Korean independence activists in China during the period of Japanese imperialism grew up the middle-management executives through the education of various levels of military academy managed by Chinese government. It was the beginning of 1910s that the party of Korean independent movement paid attention to Chinese military academy, but not until the early 1920s that Koreans became to matriculate into military academy in earnest. As a result, the Guangdong National Government of Sun Wen and the Yunnan warloards leaded by Tang Ji Yao voiced the support for Korean independent movement, the most of Koreans participated in that movement. Along with this, many Koreans was matriculated into the Luoyang Military Academy leaded by Wu Pei Fu, the one of the Luoyang warloards. In the political situation of the conclusion of the 1st United Front KMT-CCP and the evolvement of national revolution in China, the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy was the key to the course of Korean independent movement in China. The members of Uiyoldan, the central parties of the Provisional Government and the camps of Korean independent movement in Manchuria actively entered in to the Huangpu Military Academy. The work of laying the foundation through military academy of the Chinese warloards and Hungpu Military Academy developed to the establishment and operation of ‘Korean special class’ in Chinese Military Army Leader Academy with the invasion of Japan to North-East as a momentum. The ‘Manchuria Incident’ started in 18 September 1931 and early next year the patriotic deed of Martyrs Lee Bong Chang and Yun Bong Gil translated the recognition of the Chinese to Korean independent movement, while strengthen the support of the Chinese Koumintang government. The Chinese government sought to use the competence for the armed-anti-Japan of Koreans as the competence for anti-Japanese war of China. As a result, Kim Won Bong’s Chosun Revolutionary Military and Political Leader Academy and the Loyang brunch school, Koreran special class of Kim Goo’s Chinese Central Army Leader Academy under the financial and military support of the Chinese government was operated. After the Sino-Japanese Was, 1937 the Sungja brunch school and Gangneung brunch school of Chinese Army Leader School trained the Korean independent activists, who became to participate in Chosun Volunteer Army and Korean Independence Army in 1940s. Thus, both of nations, Korean and Chinese realized the anti-Japanese cohesion of Korean-Chinese solidarity in order to overcome common crisis of Japanese imperialism. Today, when the center of international politics move to North-East Asia, the meaning of Chinese Military Leader School, which proclaimed the common anti-Japan and was the stage of international solidarity give a new lesson to us.

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Guangdong National Government, Yunnan Gangmu Academy, Luoyang Military Academy, Huangpu Military Academy, Korean Special Class, Manchuria Incident, Sino-Japanese War, Chosun Volunteer Army, International Solidarity between Korean and China.