역사적으로 의령은 다양하고 품질이 좋은 종이를 제작하여 향시(鄕市)와 보부상(褓負商)에 의해 전국적으로 판매되면서 조선시대 전통 종이 생산지로 중요한 위치를 차지하였다. 이러한 명성과 달리 현재 의령 종이와 관련된 연구는 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구에서 경남 의령지방의 종이 역사, 종이제작기술과 운용체계 및 종이특징을 조사하여 조선시대 지류사(紙流史)에서의 의령 종이의 위치를 살펴보고자 한다. 의령 종이의 역사는 고려시대에 처음으로 닥나무를 이용하여 종이를 제작하였다고 구전(口傳)되고 있으며, 의령에 저지소(楮紙所)가 존재했던 사실과 의령 봉수면의 지명이 과거에는 지촌면(紙村面)이라 불렸던 기록으로 보아 닥나무와 종이 생산으로 전문화되었음을 알 수 있다. 조선 초기에는 국가의 간행사업에 종이를 공납하였으며, 후기에서는 민영수공업으로 주로 ‘창호지(窓戶紙)’와 ‘장판지(壯版紙)’를 제작하여 중국과 일본으로 수출하였다. 그러나 1960년대 산업의 발달로 전통종이 생산이 급격히 줄어들게 되었고, 전통제지방식의 종이 산업은 쇠퇴하기에 이르렀다. 본 연구에서는 문헌에 나타나는 의령 종이 종류와 현지조사를 통해서 의령 종이가 가지고 있는 특징들을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 근대 이후 의령에서 생산된 종이는 창호지, 장판지를 비롯한 11종류였음이 확인되었으나 현재 생산되고 있는 종이는 창호지, 백지 정도에 불과하다. 둘째, 종이 제작 기술자의 위치는 단계적으로 승급하는 제지운용체계에 의해 결정되었으며 이러한 체계는 도제식(徒弟式) 교육에 의한 것이었다. 즉 종이를 생산하기 위한 각각의 역할이 있었으며, 수년간의 경력은 제지기술자가 되는 기본바탕이 되었다. 셋째, 의령지역은 과거에 장지(壯紙)와 유삼지(油衫紙), 장판지 등 다양한 종이를 제작하였다. 특히 도침(搗砧)과 도유(塗油) 등의 가공이 필요한 종이를 다수 제작하였는데 이렇듯 의령지방이 타 지역과 달리 기술집약적인 종이를 생산 할 수 있었던 이유는 의령만의 가공기술을 가지고 있었기 때문이다. 넷째, 의령의 장판지 제작과정을 통해서 도유지(塗油紙)계통의 전통종이의 제작방법을 유추할 수 있다. 도침 및 어유(魚油)와 들기름(法油)을 먹이는 도유과정과 온돌방에서의 고온 건조과정은 장판지를 제작하는데 있어 매우 중요한 과정임을 확인하였다. 이러한 특징들로 의령은 고려시대 이후부터 현재까지 600여 년간 닥나무를 사용하여 종이를 생산 할 수 있었으며, 특히 기술집약적인 종이를 다수 제작하였다. 의령 종이가 쇠퇴하는 현 시점에서 본 연구는 의령지역 뿐만 아니라 우리 전통종이의 복원을 위한 기초조사 자료가 될 것이며, 더 나아가 현존하고 있는 다양한 유물을 복원하는데 있어서 재질과 지역적인 특성을 파악 할 수 있을 것이다.

Throughout the Korean history, various Korean papers with good quality were produced in Uiryeong county and they were on markets across the country. Mainly, that made Uiryeong county important paper-producing region during the Joseon Dynasty period. However, there has been no study researched on Uiryeong Paper so far, regardless of its value. Hereby, I would like examine on the history, manufacturing system, and sort of Korean papers produced at Uiryeong with the material, Jiryusa (a historical flow of Korean papers) of Seoam-maeul village Bongsu-myeon town. It is known Uiryeong county began making papers of mulberry trees during the Goryeo era, but orally. However, it could be a clear evidence that Uiryeong county was quite specialized on manufacturing papers that there clearly Jesiso office (a governmental brunch in charge of manufacturing papers) stated, and also the name of Bongsu-myeon town had been called Jichon-myeon (paper town). The papers produced at Uiryeong used to be served to publication projects of the court during the early of the Joseon Dynasty, and it turned to as a private manufacturing system producing Changhoji, Jangpanji to export to China and Japan in the late of Josen Dynasty. However, the output of traditional paper was sharply decreased after 1960’ and paper industry of traditional paper manufacture method has been getting wane. I have researched the types of papers of Uiryeong county with a historical material and the field survey. Therefore, I found out there were 11 types of papers produced such as Changhoji, Jangpanji, and so on. There only a few papers such as Changhoji, Baekji, are being produced today. Second, the workers in manufacturing were promoted according to the system of operating the papers, and this system was dictated from the appertise education system (Dojesik). It means each technician had to spend many years to be skilled for his own speciality approached, and it might have been the key work to be the paper expert. Third, various papers such as Jangji and Yusamji used to be produced at Uiryeong. Precisely, the intensive Dochim and Doyu technique of Uiryeong county itself had maintained sorts of papers aggrandized and notable in comparison. Fourth, the procedure of making Jangpanji (on the floors of Korean houses) could infer making Doyuji papers. Applying Dochim, fish oil, and perilla oil on papers absorbing and heating them up in hot Ondol-bang (room) was the most core point to completing Jangpanji. Uiryeong county could produce Korean papers made of mulberry trees for 600 hundred years from the end of Goryeo Dynasty to today with those particularities I mentioned above the intensive paper making skills include. I strongly believe that this study will play a vital role in helping basic research for restoration of traditional paper at this point of time that Uiryeong’ paper is getting decline.

Throughout the Korean history, various Korean papers with good quality were produced in Uiryeong county and they were on markets across the country. Mainly, that made Uiryeong county important paper-producing region during the Joseon Dynasty period. However, there has been no study researched on Uiryeong Paper so far, regardless of its value. Hereby, I would like examine on the history, manufacturing system, and sort of Korean papers produced at Uiryeong with the material, Jiryusa (a historical flow of Korean papers) of Seoam-maeul village Bongsu-myeon town. It is known Uiryeong county began making papers of mulberry trees during the Goryeo era, but orally. However, it could be a clear evidence that Uiryeong county was quite specialized on manufacturing papers that there clearly Jesiso office (a governmental brunch in charge of manufacturing papers) stated, and also the name of Bongsu-myeon town had been called Jichon-myeon (paper town). The papers produced at Uiryeong used to be served to publication projects of the court during the early of the Joseon Dynasty, and it turned to as a private manufacturing system producing Changhoji, Jangpanji to export to China and Japan in the late of Josen Dynasty. However, the output of traditional paper was sharply decreased after 1960’ and paper industry of traditional paper manufacture method has been getting wane. I have researched the types of papers of Uiryeong county with a historical material and the field survey. Therefore, I found out there were 11 types of papers produced such as Changhoji, Jangpanji, and so on. There only a few papers such as Changhoji, Baekji, are being produced today. Second, the workers in manufacturing were promoted according to the system of operating the papers, and this system was dictated from the appertise education system (Dojesik). It means each technician had to spend many years to be skilled for his own speciality approached, and it might have been the key work to be the paper expert. Third, various papers such as Jangji and Yusamji used to be produced at Uiryeong. Precisely, the intensive Dochim and Doyu technique of Uiryeong county itself had maintained sorts of papers aggrandized and notable in comparison. Fourth, the procedure of making Jangpanji (on the floors of Korean houses) could infer making Doyuji papers. Applying Dochim, fish oil, and perilla oil on papers absorbing and heating them up in hot Ondol-bang (room) was the most core point to completing Jangpanji. Uiryeong county could produce Korean papers made of mulberry trees for 600 hundred years from the end of Goryeo Dynasty to today with those particularities I mentioned above the intensive paper making skills include. I strongly believe that this study will play a vital role in helping basic research for restoration of traditional paper at this point of time that Uiryeong’ paper is getting decline.

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Uiryeong Paper, Jejiso(楮紙所), Jichon-myeon (paper town), Jangji(壯紙), Yusamji(油衫紙), Jangpanji(壯版紙), Baekji(白紙), Changhoji(窓戶紙), Dochim(搗砧), Doyu(塗油), Doyuji(塗油紙), fish oil(魚油), perilla oil(法油)