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Of all Verdi’s operas, Don Carlo is the most clearly tuned to the politics of its day. Although set in sixteenth-century Spain, it actually addresses the important Italian and European political issues during Verdi’s own lifetime: the constant strife between Church and State; the clash between revolutionary liberalism and reactionary conservatism; and the evolution from the idealism of the 1840s to the realism of the second half of the nineteenth century. All these are interpreted by three males: the Grand Inquisitor, Posa and especially Philip who is the richest character in Don Carlo. Elisabeth and Eboli are set against these three imposing men and the neurotic epileptic, almost female, Infante doesn’t play any significant role. The nineteenth century had no place for women in its political and public universe.
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Verdi, Don Carlo, Felipe Ⅱ, Church and State, Liberalism
