이 글은 필자가 20여 년간 몸담아 왔던 사회주의 정치운동의 경험에 기초하여 역사를 되돌아보는 글이다. 회고의 역사에 대한 평가에는 마르크스주의의 원칙이 요구된다. 마르크스주의는 유사한 공산주의적 사상과 구별되는 과학적 사회주의 또는 코뮤니즘이다. 마르크스주의의 또 하나의 원칙은 지배계급과 소부르주아지로부터 오는 이데올로기, 즉 종파주의, 개인주의, 기회주의, 모험주의와의 투쟁이다. 첫째, 1990년대 초반의 사회주의 정치운동을 NL, PD, ND 사이의 논쟁으로 살펴보면 그 당시 우리 사회 이론진영과 실천진영이 국제주의적 마르크스주의와 너무 떨어져 있음을 알 수 있다. 러시아 혁명에 배타적으로 의존한 역사해석으로 폭넓은 역사인식이 부족한 점, 이른바 “사회주의 국가”에 대한 본질 분석과 함께 세계 자본주의에 대한 분석이 제대로 이루어지지 않은 점이다. 둘째, 1990년대 중반의 국제 사회주의운동을 평가하면, 실천운동으로서의 사회주의운동이 국제주의 경향과 만났다는 점이다. 이 세력은 스탈린주의, 마오주의, 김일성주의를 같은 것으로 보았으며 혁명당이 아닌 진보정당 건설을 격렬하게 비판했다. 셋째, 2004년 이후 혁명적 사회주의운동을 살펴보면, 이 세력은 1997년 IMF 관리체제 아래에서 세계 자본주의의 위기의 경험과 그 위기의 한국 자본주의에의 관철을 통해 보다 근본적인 세계 자본주의 쇠퇴의 과정을 살펴보게 되고 역사유물론과 방법론으로서의 변증유물론의 원칙을 부여잡게 된다. 넷째, 혁명적 마르크스주의 운동의 미래는 쇠퇴하는 자본주의의 객관적 인식과 더불어 밑으로부터 올라오는 노동계급의 투쟁이라는 주체적 조건에 달려 있다. 이를 위해 세계의 혁명적 마르크스주의자들의 단결과 연대를 통한 세계 혁명당의 건설과 소비에트 건설을 향한 노동계급의 자발적 투쟁이 요구된다.

This is an article of retrospect and hindsight based upon my experience on socialist political movement during past twenty years. The principles of Marxism are required for the evaluation of the history of retrospect. Marxism is scientific socialism or communism which is distinguished from other utopian communistic ideas and it is expressed concretely in the German Ideology, the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Capital, Grundrisse and the Critique of Gotha Programme of Marx. The another important principle of Marx is the struggle against ideology of bourgeoisie and petty-bourgeoisie, specially sectarism, individualism, opportunism and adventurism. First, when we look at the polemics between NL, PD, ND in the socialist political movement in the first half of 1990s, we realize that the theory and practice of Korean society are far from the internationalist Marxism. Lack of wide historical perspective due to the dependence upon exclusively Russian Revolution, that is, the analysis of the nature of so-called “socialist countries” along with the analysis of world capitalism is not fully explored. Second, the evaluation on the international socialist movement in the latter part of 1990’s is as follows: socialist movement as praxis in Korean society is linked with internationalism. This position equates Stalinism with Maoism or ‘Jucheism’ and criticize the construction of the progress party which is not the revolutionary party. Focusing internal debate on tactics and organizational problem, the contrast between the first period and 7th congress of Communist International is revealed. Later polemics between socialist political movement proceed between “vanguard party” and “soviet”, between “Trotsky and Lenin” etc. Third, when we look at the revolutionary socialist movement since 2004, we realize that they see the basic decadence of capitalism through the crisis of IMF system in 1997 and they have confidence in historical materialism and dialectical materialism as the theory and methodology of Marxism. That perspective is internationalist beyond the perspective of one country. Fourth, the future of the revolutionary Marxism is dependent upon the recognition of the object conditions of decadent capitalism and the subject conditions of working class struggles from below. For this, it is necessary to build world revolutionary party and soviet through the solidarity and unity.

This is an article of retrospect and hindsight based upon my experience on socialist political movement during past twenty years. The principles of Marxism are required for the evaluation of the history of retrospect. Marxism is scientific socialism or communism which is distinguished from other utopian communistic ideas and it is expressed concretely in the German Ideology, the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Capital, Grundrisse and the Critique of Gotha Programme of Marx. The another important principle of Marx is the struggle against ideology of bourgeoisie and petty-bourgeoisie, specially sectarism, individualism, opportunism and adventurism. First, when we look at the polemics between NL, PD, ND in the socialist political movement in the first half of 1990s, we realize that the theory and practice of Korean society are far from the internationalist Marxism. Lack of wide historical perspective due to the dependence upon exclusively Russian Revolution, that is, the analysis of the nature of so-called “socialist countries” along with the analysis of world capitalism is not fully explored. Second, the evaluation on the international socialist movement in the latter part of 1990’s is as follows: socialist movement as praxis in Korean society is linked with internationalism. This position equates Stalinism with Maoism or ‘Jucheism’ and criticize the construction of the progress party which is not the revolutionary party. Focusing internal debate on tactics and organizational problem, the contrast between the first period and 7th congress of Communist International is revealed. Later polemics between socialist political movement proceed between “vanguard party” and “soviet”, between “Trotsky and Lenin” etc. Third, when we look at the revolutionary socialist movement since 2004, we realize that they see the basic decadence of capitalism through the crisis of IMF system in 1997 and they have confidence in historical materialism and dialectical materialism as the theory and methodology of Marxism. That perspective is internationalist beyond the perspective of one country. Fourth, the future of the revolutionary Marxism is dependent upon the recognition of the object conditions of decadent capitalism and the subject conditions of working class struggles from below. For this, it is necessary to build world revolutionary party and soviet through the solidarity and unity.

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communism, scientific socialism, materialism, party, soviet, Stalinism, Trotskyism, Left Communism, Council Communism.