초록 열기/닫기 버튼
North Kyungsang Korean (NKK) has three tonal classes of stems, whose analyses have been controversial. No-Ju Kim (1997) proposes an Optimality Theory analysis in which the default high tone is penultimate, while the other tones are lexically marked with pre-linked high tones. In contrast, Sun-Hoi Kim (1999a, b) proposes a metrical analysis in which the final tone is the default, and the other cases are lexically marked with foot boundaries. The goal of this study is to resolve this debate by employing phonetic evidence. If we assume that marked tones are phonetically more prominent than unmarked ones, the two theories make opposing predictions about the relative pitch values for tones in different positions. As in Sun-Hoi Kim’s analysis, the results revealed that the penultimate tone is significantly higher than the final tone. However, an alternative explanation might be that final tones are lowered by the utterance-final L% boundary tone. This possibility was tested by comparing the pitch of the doubled tones in two environments: word-finally and non-word-finally. If there is a L% boundary effect, the tone in disyllabic words should be lower than that in trisyllabic words. Without evidence for pitch lowering before L% boundary tones, we conclude that only Sun-Hoi Kim's metrical analysis accounts for the significant difference in tone observed in the experiments.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
markedness, high tone, pitch, foot boundary, open feet, closed feet, Simplified Bracked Grid Theory, North Kyungsang Korean
