초록 열기/닫기 버튼
使役文には、「仲町で名刺を拵えさせる(≒拵える)」のように、使役動詞のかわりに「-(サ)セル」のつかない原動詞で述べても同じ事態を指す文として不自然でないものがある。本稿では、こういった使役文と原動文との似通いがどのような文法的·語彙的条件のもとで生じるかを、使役文の意味タイプとの関係も含めて考察した。原動文との似通いが生じる使役文は、使役主体が自らの実現させたい状況を実現させるために主宰者として動作主体を利用し、自らはその結果を享受するということがきわだつ使役文であり、使役文の意味タイプとしては、早津(2007)で「つかいだての使役」とされるものに限られる。そしてこのことは、原動詞のカテゴリカルな意味、動作主体の文中での明示の仕方、動作主体を表す名詞のカテゴリカルな意味に窺える使役主体との関係、といった文構造の性質に支えられている。使役文と原動文とのこういった似通いは、二つの文の指示対象の同一性という現象であるが、ヴォイスとしての使役と原動との対立の弱まりという面も備えている。
In Japanese causative sentences such as “Nakamachi-de meishi-wo koshirae-saseru (=koshiraeru),” there are some examples which retain their naturalness even if the causative form V-(s)aseru is replaced by the non-causative verb form without -(s)aseru to refer to the same event. This paper investigates the grammatical and lexical conditions required for causative and non-causative sentences to express the same referential meaning, as in the above example, in relation to the semantic types of causative sentences. In terms of such causative sentences which express the same referential meaning as the non-causative sentences, the case whereby a causer makes use of an actor as the supervisor to achieve his/her desired outcome and enjoy the outcome is only restricted to prominent causative (i.e., literal causative or “tsukaidate” (Hayatsu, 2007)) sentences. This is supported by features of sentence structures such as the categorical meaning of non-causative verbs, explicit expression of an actor in a sentence, and the social semantic relationship of the nouns expressing the actor and the causer. These referential similarities of causative and non-causative sentences are manifested as co-indexed referents of the two types of sentences, but can also be interpreted as a weakening of causative and non-causative voice opposition.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
causative(sentences), non-causative(sentences), semantic types of causative sentences, causer-based actor manipulation, voice opposition
