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This article examines the concepts of boundary and border between Japan and Korea in the pre-modern period. The pre-modern views on Tsushima between Joseon and Japan should differ from a modern concept of territory in a nation-state because the nation-state is a “modern” phenomenon. The concept of “territory” in the pre-modern period was not clearly established, thus the boundary of territory demanded an intermediary that connected the interior and the exterior of the territory. Tsushima was exemplary in terms of the intermediary role. Tsushima was located in a borderland between Joseon and Japan,and held a quasi-independent status from the Japanese central authority. However, Tsushima’s status went through changes. Whereas Tsushima held a quasi-independent status in the Muromachi period, its status of independence diminished in the Tokugawa period. In other words, Tsushima also became part of the system of the bakufu (shogunate) and domains (J. bakuhanseido ) in the Tokugawa period. In other words, the status of Tsushima in Japan changed, and,accordingly, the view of the Joseon court toward Tsushima also changed. In this paper, as I examine perceptions of Tsushima between Joseon and Japan, I systematically categorize the development of perception on Tsushima from time to time in the historical context. Also, by examining the theories of scholars in the field of Korean-Japanese relations in both the Republic of Korea and Japan I investigate the main causes of the shifting views on Tsushima, that is, a policy of vassalage and a policy of making an intermediary role between Joseon and Japan. For a better understanding, I deconstruct the perceptions of Koreans toward Tsushima in the Joseon period into three patterns: the perception of Tsushima as a homeland; the perception of defending Tsushima domain; and the perception of distinguishing Tsushima as a separate entity from Japan. Also I attempt to prove that although three different perceptions of Tsushima were systemized in the Joseon period,those perceptions derived from ancient history and the island’s relations with Korea. In particular, Joseon’s perception of Tsushima was systemized based upon two important facts: that Tsushima became a vassal of Gyeongsang Province after the subjugation of Tsushima in the early Joseon period and that Tsushima became Joseon’s vassal for friendly relations between Joseon and Japan in the context of the Chinese world order. As a result, the Joseon court considered Tsushima as Japan’s territory, but as a vassal of Joseon.
