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The study reported on in this article focuses on the differences between successful and less successful EFL learners. The study adds to the research on good language learners by investigating language learning variables associated with good learners and how they impact learning from elementary school to university. In addition, the study explores the reasons for changes in important learning variables with the intent of better understanding how less successful learners can be helped to improve their learning. The study results are based on the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data reported by 48 EFL university students regarding their English language learning from elementary school to university. The results suggest that good language learners are distinguished from average and poor learners by the influence of certain individual difference (e.g., motivation, confidence, studying abroad) and contextual (e.g., attitude toward teachers, course content) variables, and by their ability to adapt successfully to learning challenges.