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본 연구는 경영환경과 조직구조에 초점을 맞추고 있는 구조적 상황이론에서도 경쟁전략 변수의 역할 중요성을 인식하여환경변수, 물류경쟁전략 및 조직구조 간의 적합성이 기업의 물류성과에 주는 함의를 연구하여 물류성과를 극대화하기 위한 정책 수립 시에 합리적인 지침을 제시하고자 하는 것이 주된 연구목적이다. 실증분석결과, 물류성과를 극대화하기 위해서는 환경적합성과 조직내적적합성을 균형 있게 관리하는 것이 물류성과를 극대화하기 위한 선결과제이나 이러한 조화가 달성되지 않는 경우는 먼저 외부환경과 경쟁전략 간의 적합성을 통해 환경에대한 적응력을 갖는 환경적합성을 달성한 후에 조직내적적합성이 이루어질 때, 물류성과가 극대화될 수 있다는 연구결과를 보이고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 전략의 수립과 실행만을 관심의 대상으로 하고 있는 물류경영실무에 대해서도 환경변수에 대한 명시적인 고려가 필요함을 시사해 주며, 아울러 전략실행의 문제를 배제하고 있는 물류경영실무에 대해서도 성과 함의를 분석하기 위해서는 환경에 적합한 전략의 선택에 관한 문제를 고려할 필요가 있음을 제시하였다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.
Many researchers have argued that organizations must design their structures and decision making processes to fit the demands of their external environments. They claim, for example, that uncertain environments require more delegation of authority to highly trained specialists. However, such experts usually favor a slower, more analytical approach. Therefore internal and external requirements appear to be inconsistent. These inconsistencies indicate that the alignment among structural and process variables needed for good environmental fit seems sometimes to violate the dictates of internal consistency. Therefore we have attempted to investigate the relationships between strategic environmental adaptation and organizational internal fit, and to suggest logistics strategies that would help achieving the logistics goals. We have examined the impacts of harmony of environmental adaptation and organizational internal fit on the logistics goal. Being inconsistent with the previous studies, it is not enough to pursue fit between business environment and logistics strategy or logistics strategy and organizational structure separately. Instead of this, this study found that it is necessary to achieve the fit among these three variables in order to achieve a better logistics goals, and this logical suggestion is a critical contribution which is contrary to the previous studies. We use the Korean listed firms as a research sample. We have contacted the logistics controller to obtain permission into the study. Once the firm agreed to participate, we have visited logistics divisional managers within the firm to administer the questionnaires. The questionnaires are primarily designed to collect information about the independent and dependent variables. However, an opportunity to interview many of the leading authorities in logistics management system also provided an excellent opportunity to gather additional insight into the logistics management systems. A total of 500 questionnaires were sent out on July 1, 2004. 202 valid responses have been collected. The hypotheses were formulated on the basis of several theoretical foundations including cognitive dissonance theory, expectancy theory, and integrated theory. Hypothesis 1 is that the logistics performance of units 1 and 4 which belong to the cognitive consonance group will be higher than that of units 2 and 3 which belong to the cognitive dissonance group. Hypothesis 2 is that the logistics performance of units 2 and 4 which belong to the environmental fit are high will be greater than that of units 1 and 3 which belong to the environmental fit are low. Hypothesis 3 is that the logistics performance of units 3 and 4 which belong to the internal fit are high will be greater than that of units 1 and 2 which belong to the internal fit are low. Hypothesis 4-1 is that the logistics performance of unit 4 is greater than that of unit 1, and the logistics performance of units 1 is greater than that of unit 2 or 3. Hypothesis 4-2 is that the logistics performance of unit 4 is greater than that of unit 2 or 3, and the logistics performance of unit 2 or 3 is greater than that of unit 1. To test hypothesized relationships between the dependent and independent variables, we assume other variables are held constant. In practice, however, other factors are likely to impact systematically on the logistic performance. Thus, for controlling other factors impact, the data for firm size(SIZE), fixed asset ratio(FIX), advertising intensity(ADV), and R&D intensity(R&D) variables are gathered. The hypotheses 4-1 and 4-2 give a different order from the ranking established. If the strengths or magnitude among the hypotheses are known, the order can be arranged. However, the strengths(relative effects) of these hypotheses cannot be known for the moment. Therefore for testing hypothesized directions, this study uses the error terms of regression model to control for effect of external variables, SIZE, FIX, ADV, and R&D in the four units of samples classification table. Failure to consider this effect can result in the drawing of erroneous inferences. The error terms of regression model are classified by four different levels in terms of environmental adaptation and internal fit factors. Then the logistic performance of each units will be tested by the t-tests. Our findings can suggest for logistics strategies setting as followings. Firms with high harmony between environmental adaptation and organizational internal fit were significantly better in the logistics performance than firms with low harmony. Unless the harmonization is achieved, it is primarily required to reach the environmental adaptation which has the applicability to the environment with the adaptation between external environment and competitive strategy. Then the organizational internal fit is achieved and the logistical performance can be maximized.
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logistics management system, competitive strategy, fitness, logistics performance.
