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Background and Purpose Individualized drug testing for tumors using a strategy analogous to antibiotic tests for infectious diseases would be highly desirable for personalized andindividualized cancer care. Methods Primary cultures containing tumor and nontumor stromal cells were utilized in anovel strategy to test drug responses with respect to both efcacy and specifcity. Te strategytested in this pilot study was implemented using four primary cultures derived from plexiformneurofbromas. Responses to two cytotoxic drugs (nilotinib and imatinib) were measured byfollowing dose-dependent changes in the proportions of tumor and nontumor cells, determined by staining them with cell-type-specifc antibodies. Te viability of the cultured cellsand the cytotoxic efect of the drugs were also measured using proliferation and cytotoxicityassays. Results Te total number of cells decreased afer the drug treatment, in accordance with theobserved reduction in proliferation and increased cytotoxic efect upon incubation with thetwo anticancer drugs. Te proportions of Schwann cells and fbroblasts changed dose-dependently, although the patterns of change varied between the tumor samples (from diferent sources) and between the two drugs. Te highly variable in vitro drug responses probably refect thelarge variations in the responses of tumors to therapies between individual patients in vivo. Conclusions Tese preliminary results suggest that the concept of assessing in vitro drug responses using primary cultures is feasible, but demands the extensive further development ofan application for preclinical drug selection and drug discovery.
