CLOX 결과의 판단을 위해 젊은 성인에서의 수행을 근거로 한 절단 점수만이 제시되어 있는 상황에서, 본 연구는 대규모의 정상 노인을 대상으로 CLOX 점수에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 규명하고 이를 근거하여 정상 노인 규준을 산출한 최초의 연구이다. CLOX 점수는 학력에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었으며, 연령과 성별 또한 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 정상 규준은 상대적으로 학력 수준이 낮고, 0년에서 25년의 광범위한 학력을 가진 인구 집단에서 노인들의 CLOX 수행 결과를 판단하는 데 있어 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Objectives: The CLOX (an executive clock drawing task) consists of an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive function (CLOX1) and a copied version that is more dependent on visuoconstructive function (CLOX2). This study aimed to explore the effects of age, education, and gender on the performance of the CLOX and to provide normative information on the test in the Korean elderly. Methods: We administered the CLOX to 608 community-dwelling healthy volunteers aged 60-90, excluding people with serious neurological, medical, and psychiatric disorders, including dementia. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of the demographic factors to the CLOX scores. Results: Education had a considerable influence on performance of both CLOX1 and CLOX2. Age and gender also had significant effect on both. There were significant interactions between education and gender for both CLOX1 and CLOX2. We also found interactions between education and age on CLOX2. Based on these results, we created normative data for the CLOX, stratified by age (60-74 and 75-90 years), education (0-3, 4-9, and 10+ years), and gender. Conclusion: Our normative data, based on a large, healthy elderly population, provides accurate reference information on CLOX performance and should be very useful for proper interpretation of CLOX scores in the Korean elderly.

Objectives: The CLOX (an executive clock drawing task) consists of an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive function (CLOX1) and a copied version that is more dependent on visuoconstructive function (CLOX2). This study aimed to explore the effects of age, education, and gender on the performance of the CLOX and to provide normative information on the test in the Korean elderly. Methods: We administered the CLOX to 608 community-dwelling healthy volunteers aged 60-90, excluding people with serious neurological, medical, and psychiatric disorders, including dementia. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of the demographic factors to the CLOX scores. Results: Education had a considerable influence on performance of both CLOX1 and CLOX2. Age and gender also had significant effect on both. There were significant interactions between education and gender for both CLOX1 and CLOX2. We also found interactions between education and age on CLOX2. Based on these results, we created normative data for the CLOX, stratified by age (60-74 and 75-90 years), education (0-3, 4-9, and 10+ years), and gender. Conclusion: Our normative data, based on a large, healthy elderly population, provides accurate reference information on CLOX performance and should be very useful for proper interpretation of CLOX scores in the Korean elderly.

CLOX·Norm·Elderly·Korean