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The hybrid structured photo-electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells was fabricated based on the composites of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires. Three samples with different hybrid structures were prepared with 17 vol%, 43 vol%, and 100 vol% nanowires. The energy conversion efficiency was enhanced from 5.54% for pure nanoparticle cells to 6.01% for the hybrid structure with 17 vol% nanowires. For the hybrid structured layers with high nanowires concentration (43 vol% and 100 vol%), the efficiency decreased with the nanowire concentration,because of the decrease of specific surface area, and of thus decreased current density. The random orientations of TiO2 nanowires can be preserved by the doctor blade process, resulted in the enhanced efficiency. The hybrid structured TiO2 layer can possess the advantages of the high surface area of nanoparticles and the rapid electron transport rate and the light scattering effect of nanowires.
