본고는 조선시대 한문과 국문의 지위가 동등하지 않고 상ㆍ하층, 남성과 여성에 따라 구별되어 사용된 양층언어적 상황에 기반해 두 언어의 이러한 차이가 국문이 창제된 당시의 작품인 <용비어천가>와 <월인천강지곡>에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴본 연구이다. 두 작품은 기존논의에서 국문가사로 된 악장문학으로 같이 분류되어 공통점에 기반해서 연구되었지만, 본고에서는 한문과 국문의 표기상황이 달라 그 차이점이 어떠한지 비교하여 대상독자층, 창작동기 및 다루는 세계관, 나아가 문체의 차이에 영향을 미치고 있다는 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, <용비어천가>는 한자어에 대해 국문음을 표기하지 않았고, 한역시와 한문주해가 병기되어 있다. 반면 <월인천강지곡>은 국문앞세움 표기를 통해 한자어에 국문음 표기를 하였고 국문가사만 존재한다. 이는 대상독자층이 <용비어천가>는 왕을 비롯한 사대부남성을, <월인천강지곡>은 소헌왕후라는 여성 및 追薦儀式에서 이를 부르는 승려, 나아가 일반 백성을 대상으로 했기 때문이다. 둘째, 두 언어표기의 차이는 다루는 내용 및 세계관과 밀접함을 발견할 수 있었다. <용비어천가>는 건국의 정당성을 위한 공식적 목적에서 유교적 세계관 및 군신관계를 다루고 있는 반면, <월인천강지곡>은 개인적인 슬픔을 위로받기 위한 비공식적 목적에서 출발하여 불교적 세계관과 신앙심의 전파 등을 다루고 있다. 셋째, 두 언어표기의 차이는 통사구조 및 텍스트구조에 영향을 미쳐 문체의 차이를 가져왔다. 이를 통해 <용비어천가>는 국문의 문자언어로서의 기능이 강해 詩로서의 성향이 강하고, 상대적으로 <월인천강지곡>은 국문의 구두언어로서의 기능이 강해 노래로서의 성향이 있음을 발견할 수 있었다.

This study based on the view point of Diglossia that the role and position of Chinese writing and Korean writing were not equal in Chosun Dynasty in Korea. Namely, Chinese writing was High Variety for Men and the high class and Korean writing was Low Variety for women and low class especially in 15th century. So I tried to study how the difference of two languages influenced in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers> and <Songs of Flying Dragons>. The preceding articles regarded the two literature works with same character, but I established the different things of them through this article. The results are showed in three points-the reading public, creation reason, view-point and style. First, transcription of Chinese characters was not in <Songs of Flying Dragons>. The song was translated in Chinese poetry and explanatory note was in Chinese. Because it is for King(man) and high class. But, in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers>, words written in Chinese characters were noted by Korean characters which were in front of Chinese characters for Queen and Buddhist monk. Second, There were Confucian view-points and formal idea in <Songs of Flying Dragons>, Buddhism and private idea-consolation of losing wife and mother in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers>. Third, the difference of two language influenced in style and structure of text. <Songs of Flying Dragons> intends to poetry by literacy and <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers> intends to song by orality.

This study based on the view point of Diglossia that the role and position of Chinese writing and Korean writing were not equal in Chosun Dynasty in Korea. Namely, Chinese writing was High Variety for Men and the high class and Korean writing was Low Variety for women and low class especially in 15th century. So I tried to study how the difference of two languages influenced in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers> and <Songs of Flying Dragons>. The preceding articles regarded the two literature works with same character, but I established the different things of them through this article. The results are showed in three points-the reading public, creation reason, view-point and style. First, transcription of Chinese characters was not in <Songs of Flying Dragons>. The song was translated in Chinese poetry and explanatory note was in Chinese. Because it is for King(man) and high class. But, in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers>, words written in Chinese characters were noted by Korean characters which were in front of Chinese characters for Queen and Buddhist monk. Second, There were Confucian view-points and formal idea in <Songs of Flying Dragons>, Buddhism and private idea-consolation of losing wife and mother in <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers>. Third, the difference of two language influenced in style and structure of text. <Songs of Flying Dragons> intends to poetry by literacy and <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers> intends to song by orality.

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<Songs of Flying Dragons>, <Songs of Moon Illuminating on Thousand Rivers>, Court literature, Bilingualism, Diglossia, Korean characters, Chinese characters, literacy, orality, poetry, song