본고에서는 지산 조호익의 한시를 그의 인생 행로에서 발견되는 ‘明哲保身’·‘樂道存心’·‘客愁之歎’이라는 세 측면에 의거해서 조명해 보았다. 지산은 32세 때 전가사변을 당한 이래 만 16년간 평안도 강동 지방에 살았으며, 서애 등 여러 중신들의 주청으로 풀려난 후에도 고향에 돌아가지 못한 채 경상도 지역을 전전하며 살다간 인물이다. 그는 변방인 평안도로 강제 이주된 뒤에도 학자적 명성을 떨쳤으며, 임진왜란이 발발하자 20년 가까운 고난의 세월을 겪었음에도 불구하고 변함없는 충정으로 의병 활동을 전개했다. 그리고 그 과정에서 많은 공훈을 세웠으나 끝까지 겸손한 태도를 보이며 은거를 택했다. 필자는 지산의 이러한 인생 행적에서 ‘明哲保身’·‘樂道存心’·‘客愁之歎’이라는 세 요소를 추출했으며, 이를 통해 그의 시를 분석했다. 이를 항목별로 정리하면 지산의 시에는 첫째, ‘明哲保身’의 자세가 반영되어 있었다. ‘明哲保身’이라함은 총명하고 사리에 밝아 일을 잘 처리하며 자기 몸을 보전하는 것이다. 30대 초반 이후 수차례의 환난 속에서도 그가 온전히 살아갈 수 있었던 것은 바로 이와 같은 자세를 견지했기 때문이다. 둘째, 지산의 시에는 ‘樂道存心’의 자세가 반영되어 있었다. 지산은 중년 무렵, 불시에 닥친 오랜 유형 생활을 ‘君子坦蕩蕩’의 자세로 견뎌냈으며, 말년에 이르러서는 스스로 은거를 선택하여 ‘尊德性, 道問學’으로 일생을 마침으로써, 세상으로부터 인정 받지 못해도 후회하지 않는 삶을 몸소 실천했다. 셋째, 지산의 시에는 반평생 지속되어 온 ‘客愁之歎’이 반영되어 있었다. 이는 젊은 시절 타의에 의해 고향을 떠난 이래 반평생 타지를 떠돌다 끝내 고향 땅을 밟지 못한 지산의 나그네 의식이라 할 수 있다. 지산의 시에 나타난 이러한 특징들은 그가 평생에 걸쳐 닦아온 학문과 수양의 결과로서 삶의 고비마다 그를 지지하고 지탱해주는 중요한 버팀목이 되어 왔으며, 그의 의식 전반을 지배하는 핵심적인 요소로서 작용했다. 본고를 통해 한 인간의 철학적 사유 내지 삶의 자세가 그의 작품에 반영됨을 확인했으며, 더 나아가 지금 이 시대를 살아가는 우리의 마음가짐을 다시 한 번 되돌아보는 계기를 가질 수 있었다.

This study highlights Chinese poetry of Jisan Jo-hoik in terms of three aspects found in his life course: Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身)·Nakdojonshim(樂道存心)·Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎). Jisan lived in Gangdong region, Pyeongan-do, for 16 years after Jeongasabyeon(the historical incident), and wandered in Gyeongsang-do without going back to hometown even after being released through petitions of many chief ministers. His reputation as a scholar remained even after being deported to Pyeongan-do, the side area of the Country, and upon Imjinwaeran(the Japanese invasion of Korea), he led the army raised in the cause of justice out of constant loyalty in spite of the 20-year-long time of suffering. Besides, he rendered many distinguished services in the process, but chose to retire showing a humble attitude. In such works of Jisan throughout his life, the three elements - Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身)·Nakdojonshim(樂道存心)·Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎) - were extracted to analyze his poetry in this study. Each element has the following meanings: first, the mind of Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身) was reflected in Jisan's poetry, which means that with wisdom and reasonableness, he took care of his works and himself. Facing a number of trials from his early 30's, he managed to deal with problems wisely owing to this attitude. Second, Jisan's poetry reflects Nakdojonshim(樂道存心). He endured such a sudden and long deportation in his middle years of life with the attitude of Gun-ja-tan-tang-tang(君子坦蕩蕩). In his later years, he chose to retire and closed his life with Jon-deok-seong, Do-mun-hak(尊德性, 道問學), practicing a life without regret regardless of recognition from the world. Third, Jisan's poetry reflects Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎), which lasted for half of his life. This is a spirit of a wanderer as Jisan was compelled to leave his hometown in his early age, wander about in strange regions, and could not come back to his home. Such features shown in Jisan's poetry were the result of his learning and moral training for his whole life and sustain him at every trial in his life. This study clarified that a man's philosophical thinking and attitude toward life are reflected in his works, and gave a chance to look back on our mental attitude in his age that we are living in.

This study highlights Chinese poetry of Jisan Jo-hoik in terms of three aspects found in his life course: Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身)·Nakdojonshim(樂道存心)·Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎). Jisan lived in Gangdong region, Pyeongan-do, for 16 years after Jeongasabyeon(the historical incident), and wandered in Gyeongsang-do without going back to hometown even after being released through petitions of many chief ministers. His reputation as a scholar remained even after being deported to Pyeongan-do, the side area of the Country, and upon Imjinwaeran(the Japanese invasion of Korea), he led the army raised in the cause of justice out of constant loyalty in spite of the 20-year-long time of suffering. Besides, he rendered many distinguished services in the process, but chose to retire showing a humble attitude. In such works of Jisan throughout his life, the three elements - Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身)·Nakdojonshim(樂道存心)·Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎) - were extracted to analyze his poetry in this study. Each element has the following meanings: first, the mind of Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身) was reflected in Jisan's poetry, which means that with wisdom and reasonableness, he took care of his works and himself. Facing a number of trials from his early 30's, he managed to deal with problems wisely owing to this attitude. Second, Jisan's poetry reflects Nakdojonshim(樂道存心). He endured such a sudden and long deportation in his middle years of life with the attitude of Gun-ja-tan-tang-tang(君子坦蕩蕩). In his later years, he chose to retire and closed his life with Jon-deok-seong, Do-mun-hak(尊德性, 道問學), practicing a life without regret regardless of recognition from the world. Third, Jisan's poetry reflects Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎), which lasted for half of his life. This is a spirit of a wanderer as Jisan was compelled to leave his hometown in his early age, wander about in strange regions, and could not come back to his home. Such features shown in Jisan's poetry were the result of his learning and moral training for his whole life and sustain him at every trial in his life. This study clarified that a man's philosophical thinking and attitude toward life are reflected in his works, and gave a chance to look back on our mental attitude in his age that we are living in.

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Jisan, Jo-hoik, Myeongcheolboshin(明哲保身), Nakdojonshim(樂道存心), Gaeksujitan(客愁之歎), Jeongasabyeon(全家徙邊), Imjinwaeran(壬辰倭亂).