한역(漢譯) 불전을 우리말로 번역할 때, 독음이 동일하여 중첩적인 동음이의 음역어가 발생하는 사례가 적지 않다. 예컨대 ‘나라, 다라, 마라, 바가, 바라, 바사, 반나, 발리, 발타, 발타라, 사라, 사리, 사타, 사파, 수라, 시라, 시파, 타라, 파나, 파라, 파리’ 등은 매우 다양하고 중첩적인 음역 용례를 보여 주고 있다. 여기서는 그러한 음역 예 중에서 ‘가라’만을 선택하여 분석하였다. 특히 동음이의 음역어가 야기하는 의미 체계에서의 난맥상이 어느 정도인지를 다각도로 분석하고, 그 해결 방안으로서 다음 네 가지를 제시했다. 첫째, 이중번역으로 인해서 발생할 수밖에 없는 동음이의어의 경우에는 음역어를 최소한으로 줄이고자 하는 노력이 필요하다. 둘째, 누역(累譯)의 경우에는 다양한 판본들을 비교 분석한 뒤에 용어를 최대한 통일시키는 작업이 긴요하다. 셋째, 동음이의 음역어의 경우에 중첩적인 의미들을 구분하기 위해서는 해당 원전 또는 한역본에는 없는 단어일지라도 문맥에 따라서 그 의미를 한정시키고 보충하는 말을 첨가할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 축역으로 인한 동음이의어의 경우에는 원음을 복원시켜서 번역함으로써 의미의 혼동을 방지할 수 있을 것이다. 특히 이 점은 원전을 반영함으로써 한역 불전의 용어를 간명하게 하고 동시에 의미의 명료성을 높이는 데에도 적잖은 역할을 할 것이다.

This paper focuses on just a word of the transliterated Korean Gara. The main contents are ‘the analysis on the problem of transliteration’ and ‘the analysis of transliterated Korean Gara on the basis of the Chinese Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection’ and ‘the analysis on the chaotic state of the original words and meaning of the transliterated Korean Gara’. There are too many homonyms, homophones, polysemies in the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection. Because of this fact, an exact undertanding of its meaning, in context, was difficult to determine. What is worse, there were many mistranslations between the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripitaka Collection to its Korean counterpart. However, there are a number of examples that demonstrate that these mistranslations occur frequently. This writer will provide several examples to support it in this paper. This writer made an analysis of the sanskrit or pāli words of Gara in the translated Korean Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection which is based on the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka. This was a difficult process, either. Because many texts of the original Chinese Tripiṭaka were scattered and lost, it was impossible to resolve the Gara’s original meaning in the Tripiṭaka from the transliterated words. In consequence, this writer resolved the meaning of seventy-six kinds of Gara in the translated Korean Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection. She has disclosed meanings of seventy-six examples of Gara. It was caused by homonyms, homophones and polysemies. The seventy-six meanings of Gara belonged to thirty-three different words of sanskrit and pāli. The thirty-three original words of Gara were translated in eighteen transliterated Chinese words. In conclusion, the writer suggests four methods to disambiquate the hypernyms of Gara.

This paper focuses on just a word of the transliterated Korean Gara. The main contents are ‘the analysis on the problem of transliteration’ and ‘the analysis of transliterated Korean Gara on the basis of the Chinese Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection’ and ‘the analysis on the chaotic state of the original words and meaning of the transliterated Korean Gara’. There are too many homonyms, homophones, polysemies in the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection. Because of this fact, an exact undertanding of its meaning, in context, was difficult to determine. What is worse, there were many mistranslations between the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripitaka Collection to its Korean counterpart. However, there are a number of examples that demonstrate that these mistranslations occur frequently. This writer will provide several examples to support it in this paper. This writer made an analysis of the sanskrit or pāli words of Gara in the translated Korean Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection which is based on the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka. This was a difficult process, either. Because many texts of the original Chinese Tripiṭaka were scattered and lost, it was impossible to resolve the Gara’s original meaning in the Tripiṭaka from the transliterated words. In consequence, this writer resolved the meaning of seventy-six kinds of Gara in the translated Korean Buddhist Tripiṭaka Collection. She has disclosed meanings of seventy-six examples of Gara. It was caused by homonyms, homophones and polysemies. The seventy-six meanings of Gara belonged to thirty-three different words of sanskrit and pāli. The thirty-three original words of Gara were translated in eighteen transliterated Chinese words. In conclusion, the writer suggests four methods to disambiquate the hypernyms of Gara.

, , , , , ,

transliteration, homonym, homophone, polysemy, hypernym, the Chinese version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka