浙江 연해의 密貿易은 연해지역에 대한 국가권력의 통제 때문에 나타난 것으로 일본과의 밀무역이 막대한 차익을 가져왔기 때문에 발생한 것이다. 특히 세계화의 진전 속에서 중-일무역이 동아시아의 주요 무역노선으로 등장하면서 포르투갈 네덜란드 등 유럽 세력의 각축이 치열해지자 밀무역은 더욱 활발해졌다. 지리적･경제적으로 對日무역에 유리했던 절강 연해지역은 이러한 요구들이 만나는 결절점으로서 밀무역 네트워크가 형성되었다. 밀무역에 참여했던 사람들은 제염업･어업 등에 종사하는 연해민들, 상업에 종사하는 富民들, 내지의 하천을 곳곳마다 누비는 船戶들, 그리고 배를 만드는 船工, 銀匠 등 수공업자들이었다. 이들은 이윤을 목적으로 밀무역 선박을 만들거나 상품을 사들이고 운반하는 일에 관여하였으며 일부는 바다로 나가는데 직접 참여하기도 했다. 또한, 연해 勢戶들은 자본을 내고 자신들의 노복을 보내거나 통번하는 자들에게 화물을 넘겨줌으로써 간접적으로 밀무역에 참여하기도 했다. 그리고 최종적으로 關이나 津과 같은 초소를 통과할 때는 문인을 소지하고 화물검열을 거쳐야 했기 때문에 官兵･哨兵들도 이들과 긴밀한 관계를 맺고 뇌물을 주고받으며 밀무역을 방조했다. 이들 중 상당수는 어느 정도의 가산을 가지고 있었으며 가산을 모두 팔아 밀무역에 투신하는 ‘투기적’ 성격을 띠기도 했다. 밀무역은 막대한 이익을 가져오기 때문에 절강연해에는 적지 않은 사람들이 운반, 화물의 둔적, 선박의 개조와 운반, 은의 분배와 유통에 기생했다. 이들의 네트워크는 점적인 형태를 띠고 있기는 하나 동남 연해의 도시와 바다의 도서, 연안지역 곳곳으로 연결되어 있었으며 서로 비호하면서 무역을 진행했다. 명말의 절강의 연해사회는 海禁의 법적 규제에도 불구하고 紳士･富民･手工業者･船戶･船工･窩主･商人 그리고 官兵･哨兵 등이 이윤을 목적으로 한 밀무역 네트워크 공동체가 존재했다.

Due to state control power, Illicit seaborne trade activities began in Zhejiang coastal area and these activities with Japan made huge profit. The smuggling activities became especially dynamic when China-Japan trade route became a major trade one. This happened with globalization process when competition between European powers such as Portugal and Holland was intense. Zhejiang coastal area, which is geographically in an advantageous location for trade with Japan, was the nodal point where smuggling requirements are met, thus a smuggling network was established here. The People who participated in smuggling activities were handicraftsmen such as coastal people who were engaged in the salt and fishing, rich people in commerce, boat dwellers who travelled to every corner of the inland rivers, boat carpenters who built boats, and silver craftsmen who dealt in silver etc. They participated by building ships for smuggling or buying and transporting goods to make profit, and some even directly participated in overseas smuggling activities. So did Powerful families of the coastal area. They also indirectly participated in the same activities by providing capital, sending servants, or handing over goods to the smugglers. And finally, they had a close relationship with government soldiers and guards. They offered bribes to them for smuggling with governmental permissions and inspections in case of passing checkpoints such as gateways or ferries. A Large number of them had some family fortune and they sometimes showed their ‘speculative’ nature by selling all family fortune to engage in smuggling. As it made huge profits, many people in the Zhejiang coast lived off by engaging in transporting and hiding goods, remodeling and transporting the ship, and distributing and circulating silver. Their network was dotted around, but connected across southeast coastal cities, islands and coastal area, through protecting each other while trading. Despite some regulations, the smuggling network was made th create richness in the coastal society of Zhejiang at the end of the Ming Dynasty. This society included gentry, rich people, handicraftsmen, boat people, boat builders, gang bosses, merchants, government officials and guards.

Due to state control power, Illicit seaborne trade activities began in Zhejiang coastal area and these activities with Japan made huge profit. The smuggling activities became especially dynamic when China-Japan trade route became a major trade one. This happened with globalization process when competition between European powers such as Portugal and Holland was intense. Zhejiang coastal area, which is geographically in an advantageous location for trade with Japan, was the nodal point where smuggling requirements are met, thus a smuggling network was established here. The People who participated in smuggling activities were handicraftsmen such as coastal people who were engaged in the salt and fishing, rich people in commerce, boat dwellers who travelled to every corner of the inland rivers, boat carpenters who built boats, and silver craftsmen who dealt in silver etc. They participated by building ships for smuggling or buying and transporting goods to make profit, and some even directly participated in overseas smuggling activities. So did Powerful families of the coastal area. They also indirectly participated in the same activities by providing capital, sending servants, or handing over goods to the smugglers. And finally, they had a close relationship with government soldiers and guards. They offered bribes to them for smuggling with governmental permissions and inspections in case of passing checkpoints such as gateways or ferries. A Large number of them had some family fortune and they sometimes showed their ‘speculative’ nature by selling all family fortune to engage in smuggling. As it made huge profits, many people in the Zhejiang coast lived off by engaging in transporting and hiding goods, remodeling and transporting the ship, and distributing and circulating silver. Their network was dotted around, but connected across southeast coastal cities, islands and coastal area, through protecting each other while trading. Despite some regulations, the smuggling network was made th create richness in the coastal society of Zhejiang at the end of the Ming Dynasty. This society included gentry, rich people, handicraftsmen, boat people, boat builders, gang bosses, merchants, government officials and guards.

Illicit seaborne trade, Contraband trade of Ming Dynasty, Coastal area of Zhejiang, Coastal Society, Hai-jin