초록 열기/닫기 버튼
EU(유럽연합)의 환경보전의 주요특징은 통합적 환경관리, 정보공개, 시민참여, 제품관리 등을 들 수 있다. 환경오염의 통합적 예방 및 통제지침(IPPC)과 REACH, 환경공개지침, 그리고 오르후스 협약 등에 의하여 환경정보공개제도가 확립되었다. 또한 EU위원회는 통합적 제품정책(IPP)을 발표하여 해당 제품이 환경에 미치는 영향을 종합 측정함으로서 제조단계부터 규제하는 정책을 펴고 있다. 환경책임법제에 대해서는 오염자부담의 원칙을 관철하고, 환경기준위반을 방지하여 지역 내의 정책목표를 달성하는 것을 목적으로 하는 환경책임지침을 제정하여 이 지침이 채택된 나라에서의 환경손해의 방지와 회복, 환경부하를 일으키는 자에 대한 책임 등을 규정하고 있다. 환경오염피해에 대한 법적 구제에 있어서는 위험책임을 제도화하고 있다. 특히 환경손해의 배상책임 혹은 환경부하의 미연방지와 원상회복에 관한 공법상의 책임에 대하여 미리 책임이행 담보제공을 의무로 할 것을 도입하고 있음이 주목된다. 또한 환경손해가 발생한 경우에 법적 구제에 대한 권리주체에 대해서는 공적 기관에 대해 권한발동을 구하는 간접적 권리를 부여하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선진적인 환경정책을 입법하고 실시해온 EU 나라들의 동향을 고찰하여 그 시사점을 살펴보고자 한다.
Environmental policies of a prevention activities on the environment, a prevention of environmental damages, an action first for sources of environmental damage and polluter pays principle has been carried out in European Union. Under these principles, the features of environmental policy can be said integrated environmental management, information disclosure, civic participation, and product management. An integrated approach for environment object was materialized with respect to the permission according as Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control(IPPC). Environmental Information Disclosure has been established by IPPC, REACH, Environmental Public Directive, Aarhus Treaty. European Commission has been implemented the policy which regulates from manufacturing steps to measure the environmental impact of products by releasing Integrated Product Policy(IPP) in 2003. The Bathing Water Directive(76/160/EEC, as revised by 2006/7/EC) sets water quality standards for bathing waters. In accordance with this directive, the compliance ratios of minimum water requirements were reported to have risen in swimming section 20000 of the European. The trend of EU on environmental responsibility was adopted Environmental Liability Directive(2004/35/EC) to prevent violations of environmental standards and comply with the polluter pays principle. This directive is prescribed protection and restoration of environmental damages, responsibility for causing environmental pollution. It shows the tendency to institutionalize strict liability in civil remedies for damage caused by environmental pollution. Restitution measures and prevention measures are required in the event of environmental damages. When these measures are not possible, there is a need for responsibility implementation system such as Pollution Compensation Liability Law, Fund Act for the cost of purification and Pollution Liability Insurance. Polluters must be removed at his own expense for environmental damages in Germany. We must respond flexibly in order to advance environmental conservation policy and environmental responsibility.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
EU environmental preservation, Environmental Information Disclosure, REACH, Aarhus Treaty, Integrated Product Management, Environmental damages, Environmental Liability Directive. Responsibility Implementation Security
