초록 열기/닫기 버튼
Of natural disasters, drought wrought the most serious havoc on human life in ancient times. In the event of famine due to drought, people preyed on one another due to starvation or migrated to other countries or wandered from place to place or sold descendants for a slave or became a thief. In the phase of Bu system, the three kingdoms distributed grains to displaced populations or granted clemency to prisoners in case of drought. In particular, they exempted those displaced from small countries and towns under their control from payment of tribute. Moreover, they took active actions against drought by stabilizing or expanding the basis of agricultural production, thereby inheriting such precautionary measure even after the establishment of an ancient nation based on centralism. In the middle of the Three Kingdoms Period when communal relationships weakened in the town community, there occurred a new type of people such as day laborers living on casual works, vagrants, and those selling descendants for a slave, and such existences considerably increased during the occurrence of drought. In addition to direct relief to displaced populations, the three kingdoms hereby enforced Jindaebeop (Relief Loan Law) and differentiated taxation depending on rich or poor harvest conditions or campaigned for the return to farming in an attempt to reduce damage from drought. They also embraced the Confucian Theory of Heaven-Man Correlation to overcome natural disasters like drought. In the Unified Silla Period, the Chief Minister (Sijung) of the Chancellery Office (Jipsabu) stepped down with holding accountability for the occurrence of natural disasters. The Unified Silla accepted the Chinese rainmaking practice of showing tolerance and mercy toward the dead and animals. Notably, this illustrates that the ruling class of the Unified Silla beefed up active efforts to embody the ruling ideology under the Confucian Theory of Heaven-Man Correlation in the society of Silla. In the Unified Silla Period, introduction of sacrificial rites from the Tang Dynasty of China led to not only systematization of objects of rainmaking rituals and institutional overhaul of those rituals but also widespread practice of rainmaking rituals toward the Dragon King in a well or a pond.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Nawral Disaster, Drought, Famine, Vagrant, Public Welfare Policy, Theory of Heaven-Man Correlation, Rainmaking Ritual, Dragon King
