초록 열기/닫기 버튼
Among ChilJae of Koryo KukHak, six of them specialize in Confucianism, and entering one of the six is generally recorded as ‘IpKukHakBoㅿㅿJae(入國學補ㅿㅿ齋)’ or ‘IpDaeHakYaeㅿㅿJae(入大學隸ㅿㅿ齋)’. It means that the process of entering them is represented as becoming a member of each YuHakJae. Most of the monuments written in Koryo say the owners of the monuments entered YukJae by inscribing the title ‘IpDaeHak(入大學)’ or ‘DaeHakSeng(大學生)’. It is believed that those Daehak which were frequently appeared on the monuments in the days of YeaJong to EuiJong changed their names from Kuk hak since the establishment of YukJae and YangHyunGo. Of the 24 students of ChilJae in the days of YeaJong to EuiJong I examined, many who were identified were the sons of a noble family or the benefiter EumSuh(蔭敍). Although there is only a limited amount of data, this kind of record suggests that it is necessary to be careful in order not to misunderstand Koryo Kukhak as a useful pathway to upgrade the social position. Meanwhile, the status of the students before their enrollment is useful for understanding their intention. Prior to foundation of ChilJae, JangJa(張仔) who already entered Kukhak, men who already became part of the government through EumSuh, and JinSa(進士) who already passed GukjakamSi(國子監試) all entered ChilJae in order to prepare for the civil service examination. In this paper, I made clear that the previous idea that ChilJae is SangSa and ChilJaeSeng is SangSaSeng is controversial. Also, the fact that SangSaSeng were selected from YukJaeSeng clarifies the claim that ChilJae and Kukhak are irrelevant is false. YukJaeSeng who specialize in Confucianism and SangSaSeng were selected in different ways. YukJaeSeng were selected through an exam, which was organized by KukHak, or through SeungBoSi(升補試). Meanwhile, SangSaSeng were the ones who got good grade in the exam called HengYaeSi(行藝試) or WalSiKaeGo(月試季考); they were named as the First SangSaSeng and the Second SangSaSeng. The First SangSaSeng were exempted from ChoJang(初場) and JoongJang(中場) and immediately applied for JongJang(終場). The Second SangSaSeng were exempted from ChoJang and applied for JoongJang. If YukJaeSeng were SangSaSeng and for that they received the benefit of taking the civil service examination, they would have inscribed such pride in their monuments. However, of the twenty monuments I examined, only two were identified as being owned to SangSaSeng. No evidence of SangSa is found in the monuments of rest of the YukJaeSeng. YeaJong established ChilJae in order to educate men to be proficient in both literary and military arts. After accepting Samsajae(三舍制), he selected SangSaSeng from YukJaeSeng and granted them the benefit of taking the civil service examination. In other words, YukJae is similar to NaeSa(內舍) of North Song(北宋)’s TaeHak(太學) which produced SangSaSeng. The system of SangSaSeng was accepted to appoint talented YukJaeSeng by the civil service examination in a fast and easy way.
