이 글은 18~19세기 서남해 도서지역 漂到民들의 추이를 검토하기 위해 작성되었다. 조선초기 중앙정부의 서남해 도서에 대한 방침은 空島政策이었다. 그것은 끊임없이 침입해오는 외세에 대한 국가의 대응이었다. 그러나 서남해 내륙 연안지역 주민들은 섬으로 모여들었다. 섬과 바다가 제공해주는 해산물과 소금, 그리고 개간으로 조성된 토지 때문이었다. 그 결과 17～18세기 서남해 도서지역의 인구가 크게 증가하고, 중앙정부의 島嶼政策이 수정되었다. 즉 국내적으로는 서남해 도서에 대한 행정편제를 단행하였고, 국외적으로는 외세에 대한 海防體制를 강화하였다. 그런데 조선후기 서남해 도서지역의 인구 증가와 경제기반이 마련되자, 異國人들이 우리나라 해역에 표착해왔다. 이들 표류민들로 인해 국가간의 분쟁이 발생하자, 18세기 각국은 표류민 송환문제를 해결하기 위해 외교관계를 성립하였다. 조선정부는 備邊司로 하여금 표도민 송환문제를 체계적으로 관리하도록 하였다. 조선후기 표도민에 대해서는 『備邊司謄錄』 『問情別單』에 자세히 기록되어 있다. 또 조선후기 각종 연대기에서 표류 · 표류민 관련 기사를 확인할 수 있다. 조선후기 서남해역 표도민들의 추이는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서남해 도서지역의 표도민들은 18세기 중엽부터 19세기 중엽까지 집중적으로 표착해왔다. 둘째, 표도민들의 국적은 중국인이 대다수를 점유하였고, 그 다음이 일본국과 유구국 사람들이었다. 셋째, 중국 표도민들의 항해목적은 중국 남부 연안을 오가며 교역하는 商船들이었다. 넷째, 중국 표도민들의 항해 시기는 가을에서 겨울에 이르는 동절기에 집중되어 있었다. 다섯째, 중국 표도민들의 출신지역은 강남성 · 복건성 · 절강성 順이었다. 여섯째, 중국 표도민들이 표착한 지점은 흑산도와 제주도를 비롯한 서남해 도서지역이었다. 일곱째, 18～19세기 중국인들이 출항하였던 <福建省 · 浙江省 · 江南省 · 山東省>과 이들이 표착한 우리나라 서남해의 <珍島 · 黑山島 · 羅州諸島 · 濟州島> 등을 상호 연결한 결과 조선과 중국을 잇는 海路를 확인할 수 있었다.

This study is to review the change of people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea in 18th and 19th century. The national policy for the islands region of the southwest sea was to empty the islands in the early Chosun Period, which was a national countermeasure against foreign power that had invaded our country constantly. However, the residents in the coastal region of the southwest sea flocked into the islands. Because the sea and the islands provided them with seafoods, salt and cultivated lands. The result of it was increase of the population in the islands region of the southwest sea in the 17th and 18th century. The national policy for the islands had forced to modify. In other words, administrative formation for the islands region of the southwest sea had been carried out in the internal aspect and coast defensive system had been intensified against foreign power in the external one. By the way, foreigners had been cast away on the coast of our country since increase of the population and economic basis was prepared in the islands region of the southwest sea in the late Chosun Period. Each country had established diplomatic relations with another one to solve the problems of repatriate of people drift on the sea in the 18th century. Chosun government ordered Bibyunsa(備邊司) to control the problems of repatriate of people drift on the sea systematically. The fact about people drift on the sea in the late Chosun Period has been recorded in “Munjungbyuldan”, Bibyunsadeunglok closely. The change of people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea in the late Chosun Period is as follows. First, people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea had been cast away from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. Second, most of their nationality was Chinese(中國人) and Japanese(日本人) and Luku(琉球) people was the next. Third, the purpose of voyage of Chinese drift on the sea was to trade with coming and going the coast of the southern part of China. Fourth, the period of it was concentrated on the winter season, from fall to winter. Fifth, their native places were Kangnamsung(江南省), Bokgunsung(福建省), and Julgangsung(浙江省) in that order. Sixth, the places cast away were the islands region of the southwest sea including Heuksan island and Jeju island. Seventh, mutual link of <Bokgunsung · Julgangsung · Kangnamsung> as their starting point and <Jindo(珍島) · Heuksando(黑山島) · Najugundo(羅州群島) · Jejudo(濟州島)> as drifting ashore confirmed that they was an important sea route.

This study is to review the change of people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea in 18th and 19th century. The national policy for the islands region of the southwest sea was to empty the islands in the early Chosun Period, which was a national countermeasure against foreign power that had invaded our country constantly. However, the residents in the coastal region of the southwest sea flocked into the islands. Because the sea and the islands provided them with seafoods, salt and cultivated lands. The result of it was increase of the population in the islands region of the southwest sea in the 17th and 18th century. The national policy for the islands had forced to modify. In other words, administrative formation for the islands region of the southwest sea had been carried out in the internal aspect and coast defensive system had been intensified against foreign power in the external one. By the way, foreigners had been cast away on the coast of our country since increase of the population and economic basis was prepared in the islands region of the southwest sea in the late Chosun Period. Each country had established diplomatic relations with another one to solve the problems of repatriate of people drift on the sea in the 18th century. Chosun government ordered Bibyunsa(備邊司) to control the problems of repatriate of people drift on the sea systematically. The fact about people drift on the sea in the late Chosun Period has been recorded in “Munjungbyuldan”, Bibyunsadeunglok closely. The change of people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea in the late Chosun Period is as follows. First, people drift on the sea in the islands region of the southwest sea had been cast away from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. Second, most of their nationality was Chinese(中國人) and Japanese(日本人) and Luku(琉球) people was the next. Third, the purpose of voyage of Chinese drift on the sea was to trade with coming and going the coast of the southern part of China. Fourth, the period of it was concentrated on the winter season, from fall to winter. Fifth, their native places were Kangnamsung(江南省), Bokgunsung(福建省), and Julgangsung(浙江省) in that order. Sixth, the places cast away were the islands region of the southwest sea including Heuksan island and Jeju island. Seventh, mutual link of <Bokgunsung · Julgangsung · Kangnamsung> as their starting point and <Jindo(珍島) · Heuksando(黑山島) · Najugundo(羅州群島) · Jejudo(濟州島)> as drifting ashore confirmed that they was an important sea route.

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Bibyunsadeunglok, Munjungbyuldan, China, people drift on the sea, the southwest sea, islands, a sea route