이 논문은 우리 사회가 맞닥뜨리고 있는 식량 수급과 식품 안전의 문제를 이론적이고 역사적인 수준에서 분석하고 대안 모색을 위한 전략을 마련하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 우선 식량 수급과 식품 안전의 문제가 현대 식품체계의 구조적 속성과 깊이 관련되는 점에 착안해서 식품체계의 역사적 발전 궤적을 조망하였다. 특히 20세기 중반 이후 형성된 제2차 식품체제와 이어지는 기업식품체제가 어떻게 우리 식탁을 위협하게 되었는가를 규명하였다. 제2차 식품체제는 대량생산과 대량소비를 특징으로 하는 포드주의적 식품체계에 기반하고 있었으며 이는 거대 농식품 기업이 성장하는 조건이 되었다. 1980년대 이후 본격화된 신자유주의적 세계화 속에서 초국적 농식품 기업들이 전체식품체계를 지배하는 경향이 두드러지고 있으며 이는 기업식품체제로 개념화할 수 있다. 글로벌 기업식품체제는 먹거리 위기를 더욱 심화시키고 있으며 한국에서 먹거리 위기는 낮은 식량자급률과 빈번하게 발생하는 식품 사고로 나타나고 있다. 2008년 미국산 쇠고기 수입 문제는 한국사회가 안고 있는 먹거리 수급의 불안정성과 위험이라는 이중적 위기를 잘 보여주는 사례이다. 또한 이에 저항했던 시민들의 촛불집회는 위기에 대한 생명정치의 표현으로 먹거리 주권을 확보하기 위한 노력이었다. 먹거리 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 먹거리 주권에 대한 적극적인 논의와 정치적 실천이 필요하다. 비아 캄페시나와 닐레니 선언에서 제시된 먹거리 주권 개념을 검토함으로써 생산자와 소비자 간 사회적 관계 회복의 필요성을 강조하였다. 먹거리 주권을 통한 새로운 먹거리 정치가 활성화되어야 먹거리 위기를 극복할 수 있을 것이다.

The goal of this research is to analyze the current problems of food provision and safety from a theoretical and historical perspective By doing so I hope to make a contribution in making an alternative food system I begin by examining the trajectory of food system because the food shortage and food risk are both embedded in the modern food system itself I analyze how the Second Food Regime and following the Corporate Food Regime have come to threaten our everyday diet and food on the table The Second Food Regime was based on Fordist system characterized by mass production and consumption of food which was a condition for large agro food companies to grow rapidly in the 20th century In the context of neo liberal globalization these companies became truly global dominating whole food system This new system can be called Corporate Food Regime a term coined by Philip McMichael The global Corporate Food Regime exacerbates the food crisis and the crisis is pressed in Korean society in the forms of low food self sufficiency and food accidents The US beef import scandal of 2008 in Korea displays the vulnerability of orean food system in terms of both food provision and safety Furthermore candlelight protest by millions of Koreans can be interpreted as an effort to protect food sovereignty I propose that we need to aggressively employ the concept of food sovereignty as a measure to re connect social ties between producers and consumers of food which will solve the food crisis engendered by modern food system

The goal of this research is to analyze the current problems of food provision and safety from a theoretical and historical perspective By doing so I hope to make a contribution in making an alternative food system I begin by examining the trajectory of food system because the food shortage and food risk are both embedded in the modern food system itself I analyze how the Second Food Regime and following the Corporate Food Regime have come to threaten our everyday diet and food on the table The Second Food Regime was based on Fordist system characterized by mass production and consumption of food which was a condition for large agro food companies to grow rapidly in the 20th century In the context of neo liberal globalization these companies became truly global dominating whole food system This new system can be called Corporate Food Regime a term coined by Philip McMichael The global Corporate Food Regime exacerbates the food crisis and the crisis is pressed in Korean society in the forms of low food self sufficiency and food accidents The US beef import scandal of 2008 in Korea displays the vulnerability of orean food system in terms of both food provision and safety Furthermore candlelight protest by millions of Koreans can be interpreted as an effort to protect food sovereignty I propose that we need to aggressively employ the concept of food sovereignty as a measure to re connect social ties between producers and consumers of food which will solve the food crisis engendered by modern food system

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food system, food provision, food safety, food crisis, food sovereginty, food politics