본 연구는 정치참여의 유형을 크게 투표참여와 비선거참여 두 가지로 구분하고, 양자 간의 연계성을 분석하고 있다. 이러한 분석을 시도한 이유는 정치참여는 그 유형에 따라 참여를 추동하는 요인이 다를 수 있음에 주목하였기 때문이다. 이론적 관점에서 설명한다면, 상대적으로 비용이 적게 들어가는 투표참여에는 커다란 혜택이나 동기가 필요 없지만, 비선거참여의 경우에는 이보다 더 중요한 동기가 필요하다. 이러한 참여의 동기의 원천은 다양하지만, 특히 본 연구에서 초점을 맞춘 것은 사회적 연결성 및 유대감, 시민적 의무감, 정치적 효능감, 탈물질주의적 가치 등이다. 경험적 분석 결과, 투표참여와 비선거참여에 영향을 미치는 요인은 상당히 다름이 확인되었다. 연령은 두 유형의 참여 모두에 매우 강한 영향을 미치지만, 영향력의 방향은 반대였다. 이념성향, 시민적 의무감, 정치적 효능감은 투표참여에만 유의미한 영향력을 행사하고, 비선거참여에는 유의미한 영향력을 행사하지 못했다. 반면에 탈물질주의 지수는 비선거참여에만 유의미한 영향력을 행사하고, 투표참여에는 영향력을 행사하지 못했다. 유일하게 동원 경험 변수만이 투표참여와 비선거참여 양 유형 모두에서 매우 긍정적인 영향력을 행사하고 있다. 본 연구는 정치참여에 있어서 비용보다는 동기와 혜택의 중요성을 강조하였고, 특히 이러한 동기와 혜택의 원천으로서 사회적 연결망과 유대감을 강조하였는데, 이러한 사회적 배경 요인의 중요성은 부분적으로 확인되었다. 이는 향후 정치참여를 증진할 수 있는 방안을 고려할 때 유권자 개인보다는 그들이 처해 있는 사회적인 배경과 맥락을 보다 중시할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

This study classifies political participation into two different forms: voting participation and non-electoral participation, and then analyzes the linkage between them. The rationale for such an analysis is based on the assumption that different factors are in play for the two different forms of participation. Theoretically speaking, non-electoral participation requires greater benefits and stronger motivation on the part of prospective participants than voting participation does. Although there are various sources of benefits and motivation, this study focuses primarily on social connectedness, civic duty, political efficacy, and post-materialism. The results of empirical analysis confirms that voting participation and non-electoral participation are affected by different factors. For example, age does affect both forms of participation, but in the opposite directions. Ideological orientation, civic duty, political efficacy has significant effects only on voting participation, while post-materialism has significant effects only on non- electoral participation. The only variable that affects both forms of participation in the same direction is mobilization. This study emphasizes the importance of benefits and motivation of political participation, as opposed to the cost. In particular, social connectedness and solidarity can be singled out as one of the most important sources of motivation for participation. As the effects of this factor was partially confirmed by the analysis, it may be suggested that one should give a greater weight to social background and contexts in which individual voters are located than to their individual characteristics, when considering how to increase political participation.

This study classifies political participation into two different forms: voting participation and non-electoral participation, and then analyzes the linkage between them. The rationale for such an analysis is based on the assumption that different factors are in play for the two different forms of participation. Theoretically speaking, non-electoral participation requires greater benefits and stronger motivation on the part of prospective participants than voting participation does. Although there are various sources of benefits and motivation, this study focuses primarily on social connectedness, civic duty, political efficacy, and post-materialism. The results of empirical analysis confirms that voting participation and non-electoral participation are affected by different factors. For example, age does affect both forms of participation, but in the opposite directions. Ideological orientation, civic duty, political efficacy has significant effects only on voting participation, while post-materialism has significant effects only on non- electoral participation. The only variable that affects both forms of participation in the same direction is mobilization. This study emphasizes the importance of benefits and motivation of political participation, as opposed to the cost. In particular, social connectedness and solidarity can be singled out as one of the most important sources of motivation for participation. As the effects of this factor was partially confirmed by the analysis, it may be suggested that one should give a greater weight to social background and contexts in which individual voters are located than to their individual characteristics, when considering how to increase political participation.

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Political Participation, Forms of Participation, Voting Participation, Non-electoral Participation, Social Connectedness, Mobilization, Political Efficacy, Civic Duty, Post-Materialism