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Korean and Japanese Pentecostalism have been on a different trajectory in terms of adoption to oftraditional values. While Japanese Pentecostalism has adapted itself to folk religions and ancestor worship, Korean Pentecostalism has strived to distinguish itself from Confucian rituals and folk religious practices. In addition, the charismatic leadership of local Pentecostal churches in the two countries has pursued different strategies of indigenization and expansion in accordance with its social circumstance. This article tries to analyze why and how social functions of Pentecostalism differ in two countries. As a result, Korean Pentecostal churches have succeeded in growing numerically and quantitatively, while their Japanese counterparts have come to resemble a New Religious Movement.