본 연구는 장애인의 교육수준을 분석함에 있어서는 장애발생연령을 고려하여 접근해야 한다는 문제의식 하에 장애발생연령에 따라 장애인을 구분했을 때 교육수준이 어떻게 나타나며 그렇게 된 배경은 무엇인가 그리고 그런 배경의 구체적인 의미를 어떻게 해석할 수 있는가에 대해 고찰하였다. 이러한 고찰의 결과 다음의 사실들을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 장애인이라는 인구집단을 전체로 보았을 때 이들이 보이는 낮은 교육수준은 장애효과와 계층효과, 그리고 세대효과가 혼합된 것이다. 이 중 세대효과는 장애발생연령에 관계없이 모든 장애인에게 나타나는 것이지만, 장애효과는 19세 이전 장애발생자에게 주로 관련된 것이며 계층효과는 20세 이후 장애발생자에게 주로 관련된 것이다. 하지만 19세 이전장애발생자에게는 계층효과도 함께 작용하여 보다 복잡한 양상을 보인다. 둘째, 전반적인 교육여건의 개선과 교육정책적 개입을 포함하는 세대효과는 19세 이전 장애발생자 중 일부 집단의 상대적 교육수준을 크게 개선한 것으로 보인다. 하지만 그 개선은장애인을 대상으로 한 특수교육의 결과도 있지만 일반교육여건의 개선으로 인한 결과가 더 큰 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 장애인의 낮은 교육수준을 초래한 한 요인으로 학업 미이수 사유 역시 장애발생연령에 따라 구분해서 접근할 필요가 있으며 이렇게 구분할 때 19세 이전 장애발생자에게는 학업 미이수 사유로 ‘장애’가 많으며 20세 이후 장애발생자에게는 ‘경제사정’이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 장애효과와 계층효과의 존재를 다시 한 번 보여주는 것이라 할수 있다. 또한, 19세 이전 장애발생자에게 많이 나타나는 장애라는 학업 미이수 사유는 교육차별경험과 관련된 것일 가능성이 상당히 높은 것으로 보인다. 이는 19세 이전 장애발생자의 낮은 교육수준을 초래한 장애효과가 손상보다는 차별로 해석될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주는 한 근거라 하겠다.

The aim of this study is to examine the realities of low educational background of disabled people according to their disability occurrence age(DOA) and to consider what causes low educational background of disabled people and how we can interpret the meanings of these causes. Achieving this aim, it utilized data from 2005 Disability Survey and from 2005 Population Survey. The results of study are as follows: Firstly, low educational background of disabled people compared to that of total population is the combined result of disability effect, stratification effect and generation effect. The generation effect influence all disabled people irrespective of DOA. However disability effect and stratification effect are related to low educational background of people who become disabled before their formal schooling ended and in contrast stratification effect is related to people who become disabled after their formal schooling ended. Secondly, educational background of some people who become disabled prior to age 20 is improved compared to that of total population. However this improvement owe more to general betterment of educational environment than to educational intervention for the disabled children. Thirdly, the causes of drop-out from formal schooling were distributed differently according to DOA, of which 'my disabilites' showed very high proportion among people who become disabled prior to age 20, and 'financial hardship' showed most high proportion among people who become disabled at their age 20 and above. And 'my disabilities' as one cause of drop-out from formal schooling seemed to correlate with disability discrimination in education.

The aim of this study is to examine the realities of low educational background of disabled people according to their disability occurrence age(DOA) and to consider what causes low educational background of disabled people and how we can interpret the meanings of these causes. Achieving this aim, it utilized data from 2005 Disability Survey and from 2005 Population Survey. The results of study are as follows: Firstly, low educational background of disabled people compared to that of total population is the combined result of disability effect, stratification effect and generation effect. The generation effect influence all disabled people irrespective of DOA. However disability effect and stratification effect are related to low educational background of people who become disabled before their formal schooling ended and in contrast stratification effect is related to people who become disabled after their formal schooling ended. Secondly, educational background of some people who become disabled prior to age 20 is improved compared to that of total population. However this improvement owe more to general betterment of educational environment than to educational intervention for the disabled children. Thirdly, the causes of drop-out from formal schooling were distributed differently according to DOA, of which 'my disabilites' showed very high proportion among people who become disabled prior to age 20, and 'financial hardship' showed most high proportion among people who become disabled at their age 20 and above. And 'my disabilities' as one cause of drop-out from formal schooling seemed to correlate with disability discrimination in education.

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disabled people, educational background, disability effect, stratification effect, generation effect, disability discrimination in education